The Analytical Applications of Dithizone

Irving, H. M. N. H.; Iwantscheff, G.

doi:10.1080/10408348008542714

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Although these sophisticated techniques are available for the determination of mercury at trace levels in numerous complex materials, factors such as the low cost of instrument, easy handling, lack of requirement for consumables and almost no maintenance have caused spectrophotometry to remain a popular technique, particularly in laboratories of developing countries with limited budgets. The colorimetric solvent extractive method [9][10][11] employing orange complex of dithizone is still a valuable method for analyzing mercury(II). However, this method [9][10][11] is lengthy and time consuming, require large amounts of reagents, is pH dependent and it lacks selectivity due to much interferences [12,13] (e.g., Pt(IV), Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colorimetric solvent extractive method [9][10][11] employing orange complex of dithizone is still a valuable method for analyzing mercury(II). However, this method [9][10][11] is lengthy and time consuming, require large amounts of reagents, is pH dependent and it lacks selectivity due to much interferences [12,13] (e.g., Pt(IV), Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), etc.). The method described here records for the first time the non-extractive direct spectrophotometric determination of mercury(II) in aqueous media without recourse of any "clean-up" step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury in environmental, biological, soil and plant samples using diphenylthiocarbazone

Ahmed

Alam

2003

Journal of Spectroscopy

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A simple, sensitive and highly selective direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace levels of mercury(II) in various samples is described. Diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) reacts in slightly acidic 50% aqueous 1,4-dioxane media (0.18–1.80 M sulphuric acid) with mercury(II) to give an orange chelate which has an absorption maximum at 488 nm. The average molar absorption co-efficient and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 2.5×104l mol−1 cm−1and 0.015 μg of Hg(II) cm−2, respectively. The reaction is immediate and absorbance remains stable for over 24 h. Beer's law is obeyed for concentration range of mercury(II) between 0.1 μg ml−1and 25 μg ml−1; the stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 1 :2 (mercury : dithizone). The various analytical parameters, such as effect of time, acidity, reagent concentration and foreign species, were studied. The method was applied successfully to a number of environmental waters (portable and polluted), biological samples (human blood, urine and fish), soils, plant samples (potato, cabbage, lettuce, carrot and tomato), solutions containing both mercury(I) and mercury(II) and complex synthetic mixtures. The method is very simple and requires no solvent extraction or pre-concentration steps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury in environmental, biological, soil and plant samples using diphenylthiocarbazone

Ahmed

Alam

2003

Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…Figure C illustrates the variations in the UV–vis absorption spectra along with corresponding colors of the fabricated DTZ-ChNF paper as a result of the addition of different metal ions (100 ppb for Zn 2+ and 1 ppm for other metal ions). In this case, the reaction between transition metal ions with DTZ ligand in the fabricated DTZ-ChNF paper results in formation of highly colored-complexes owing to cation−π interactions, electronic transitions, and also formation of coordination bonds between the thiol group of DTZ and metal cations Figure D also shows the changes in color and the UV–vis absorption spectra of the DTZ-ChNF paper upon addition of different doses of Zn 2+ ions (20–200 ppm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…DTZ is an organic chelating chemical agent that can form colored water-insoluble complexes with some metal cations . We assessed the potential application of the fabricated DTZ-ChNF paper as a colorimetric sensor for determination of seven heavy metal ions, including Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 3+ , Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , and CrO 4 2– based on DTZ chelation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin Nanofiber Paper toward Optical (Bio)sensing Applications

Naghdi

Golmohammadi

Yousefi

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Because of numerous inherent and unrivalled features of nanofibers made of chitin, the second most plentiful natural-based polymer (after cellulose), including affordability, abundant nature, biodegradability, biocompatibility, commercial availability, flexibility, transparency and extraordinary mechanical and physicochemical properties, chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) are being applied as one of the most appealing bionanomaterials in a myriad of fields. Herein, we exploited the beneficial properties offered by ChNF paper to fabricate transparent, efficient, biocompatible, flexible and miniaturized optical sensing bioplatforms via embedding/immobilizing various plasmonic nanoparticles (silver and gold

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“…The carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) is metabolized in the liver of male rats (one of the target organs for its carcinogenic action) by several routes to unstable, reactive metabolites. Thus, sulfation (1,2) as well as transacetylation (3,4) and deacetylation (5,6) have been implicated in the generation of reactive metabolites that are capable of reacting with nucleophilic groups in cellular macromolecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The binding of reactive metabolites of the carcinogen N‐hydroxy‐2‐acetylaminofluorene to DNA and protein in isolated rat liver nuclei: Effects of glutathione and methionine

Meerman

Tijdens

Mulder

1986

J. Biochem. Toxicol.

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The covalent binding of reactive metabolites of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to DNA and protein in isolated, intact rat liver nuclei was studied. The chemically synthesized 2-acetylaminofluorene-N-sulfate became covalently bound to DNA and protein to form adducts, 50% to 60% of which retained the N-acetyl group. Glutathione decreased the covalent binding of acetylated adducts to DNA by 18% and to protein by 50%. Methionine was more effective; it decreased DNA binding by 52% and protein binding by 79%. N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was deacetylated by the nuclear preparation. Almost exclusively, deacetylated 2-aminofluorene adducts to DNA and protein were formed. Glutathione decreased the covalent binding of deacetylated adducts to DNA by only 14%. Protein binding, however, was decreased by 57%. Methionine had no effect on the formation of these adducts to DNA and protein. Formation of 2-aminofluorene-glutathione conjugates was reduced by ascorbic acid by 65%. Covalent binding of deacetylated adducts to DNA and protein, however, was not decreased by ascorbic acid. These data suggest that "harder" nucleophiles like methionine can be used to protect macromolecules in vivo from damage by "hard" electrophiles such as those generated from the reactive 2-acetylaminofluorene-N-sulfate. However, such nucleophiles seem not to be effective with N-hydroxylamines, such as N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, formed by deacetylation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene.

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The Analytical Applications of Dithizone

Cited by 11 publications

References 136 publications

A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury in environmental, biological, soil and plant samples using diphenylthiocarbazone

A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury in environmental, biological, soil and plant samples using diphenylthiocarbazone

Chitin Nanofiber Paper toward Optical (Bio)sensing Applications

The binding of reactive metabolites of the carcinogen N‐hydroxy‐2‐acetylaminofluorene to DNA and protein in isolated rat liver nuclei: Effects of glutathione and methionine

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