The annual breeding cycle of the high-arctic svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus)

Stokkan, Karl‐Arne; Sharp, P. J.; Unander, Sigmund

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(86)90232-7

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the present study, males exhibited significantly higher LH levels at certain times of the annual cycle than females. This phenomenon has been observed in Japanese quail (Nicholls, Scanes & Follett, 1973) together with a variety of other species including domestic chickens (Sharp, 1975), mallards (Anus p1aryrhyncho.s) (Goldsmith & Williams, 1980), ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) (Goldsmith et al, 1981), and Svalbard ptarmigan (La~opusriizrtzrshiperhoreus) (Stokkan, Sharp & Unander, 1986). Davies (1976) suggested that higher LH levels in Japanese quail were due to sex differences in sex steroid feedback, but Urbanski & Follett ( 1 9 8 3~) showed that the phenomenon persisted in gonadectomized Japanese quail.…”

Section: Discussion H~i~r a T O R I ' F U T T M I N G Reprodirctimentioning

confidence: 82%

Annual cycles of migratory fattening, reproduction and moult in European quail (Coturnix coturnix)

1993

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Experimental studies of the physiological mechanisms underlying avian migration have concentrated on small passerines. The present study is concerned with the regulation of migratory fat deposition in a galliform. the European quail (Coturnix coturnix). The increased mass associated with migration was due exclusively to the deposition of fat whereas the increased body mass of laying females was due to increases in lean tissue and water as well as fat. Annual cycles of body mass, moult, gonadal size and plasma luteinizing hormone were measured every other week in captive males and females held outdoors under natural daylengths and temperatures in Bristol, UK (51° 27′ N). Males and females showed two peaks of fat deposition each year which occurred at the migratory passage times reported in wild birds. Luteinizing hormone levels and gonadal size increased in parallel with vernal fat deposition, and remained high until late summer. The pattern of primary feather moult in the intact birds was similar to that of wild quail, with moult following gonadal regression and being suspended during autumnal fattening. Castration of European quail did not inhibit the expression of migratory fattening, as it does In certain passerines. In fact, castrates displayed fattening cycles that were more clearly defined and of greater amplitude than those in the intact males. The annual cycle of European quail differs from that of other well‐studied passerine migrants such as Zonotrichia sparrows, and this is most likely associated with differences in breeding ecology. In addition, the ability of quail to express vernal fattening independently of the presence of the gonads suggests that taxonomic differences between migratory species are also apparent in the physiological mechanisms of migratory fattening.

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Section: Discussion H~i~r a T O R I ' F U T T M I N G Reprodirctimentioning

confidence: 82%

Annual cycles of migratory fattening, reproduction and moult in European quail (Coturnix coturnix)

1993

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“…The refractoriness that developed in the brahminy myna thus resembles that described in white-crowned sparrows (Sansum and King, 1976), starlings (Bissonnette and Wadlund, 1932;Dawson et al, 1985Dawson et al, , 1986Nicholls et al, 1987), willow ptarmigan (Stokkan and Sharp, 1984) and Svalbard ptarmigan (Stokkan et al, 1986 , or whether it is fixed by the daylength available at the end of gonadal growth as in starlings (Falk and Gwinner, 1988) (Thapliyal and Saxena, 1964;Singh and Chandola, 1981) and Zonotrichia capensis (Miller, 1965;Epple et al, 1972;Lewis et al, 1974) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The development of photorefractoriness in termination of the breeding season in the tropical brahminy myna: role of photoperiod

Kumar¹,

Kumar²

1991

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…SubA males establish their breeding territories in middle to late March , coincident with the postwinter increases in testicular mass (Stokkan et al 1986). Upon initially establishing a territory during this highly competitive time, a male will retain that territory in subsequent years .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The environment on Svalbard is extreme, with average temperatures only rising above freezing from early June to mid September (Stokkan et al 1986). Continuous darkness persists during the winter from mid November to February, and food availability is unpredictable, making this a harsh environment for a SubA bird (Stokkan et al 1986). This is reflected in the high mortality rates of young (S. Unander 2010, Personal Communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Locomotor development in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea)

et al. 2011

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Juvenile animals often suffer from high levels of predation. Development of an effective and efficient locomotor system is therefore likely to be crucial towards ensuring their survival. However, our understanding of locomotor efficiency, at least in terms of energetic cost in young animals is poor. We performed this study as Svalbard rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta hyperborea must rapidly develop the ability to locomote prior to the onset of their first winter, during which conditions are extreme. To aid survival, adult ptarmigan deposit large winter fat stores, whilst at the same time males exhibit a reduced metabolic cost of locomotion. Sub-adult males, however, are unable to fully acquire fat stores during their first winter and the maturity of their locomotor systems is unknown. Here, we investigate the energetics and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in sub-adult male birds using flow-through respirometry and high-speed video recordings, respectively. We demonstrate that in terms of running speed and metabolic cost, sub-adult ptarmigan develop a mature functioning locomotor system prior to the onset of winter. This research indicates that achieving a mature locomotor system allows young males to emerge from the winter with the ability to compete for territories and mates during the breeding season.

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The annual breeding cycle of the high-arctic svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus)

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Annual cycles of migratory fattening, reproduction and moult in European quail (Coturnix coturnix)

Annual cycles of migratory fattening, reproduction and moult in European quail (Coturnix coturnix)

The development of photorefractoriness in termination of the breeding season in the tropical brahminy myna: role of photoperiod

Locomotor development in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea)

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