The Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phlorotannins from the Edible Brown Algae, Ecklonia sp. and Eisenia sp

Abstract

Because the number of people suffering from allergies has significantly increased, improved ways of treating these conditions by medical, pharmaceutical, and dietary means are required. Large numbers of studies on allergy have been conducted, and many anti-allergic compounds have been found. Phenolic compounds from terrestrial plants, including catechins and flavonoids, possess anti-allergic properties. Although polyphenols are present in some brown algae, their anti-allergic activities were not studied in detail before the 1990s. The focus was on the algal polyphenols, collectively called phlorotannins (eg., eckol, 6,6′-bieckol, 8,8′-bieckol, dieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A), and research was conducted to clarify their anti-allergic activities. This review summarizes the anti-allergic effects of phlorotannins isolated from the brown alga, Eisenia nipponica, and related reports by other research groups.

Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of brown seaweeds extracted by different solvents and characterization of their phenolic compounds by LC–ESI‐QTOF–MS/MS

“…Interestingly, catechin has also been reported in Eisenia sp. (Sugiura et al., 2021), Iyengaria stellata , Sargassum linearifolium , Spatoglossum asperum , and Stoechospermum polypodioides (Tanna et al., 2019). The absence of catechin in the methanol extracts of Sargassum sp.…”

In Silico Investigation of the Human GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Enzyme Reveals the Potential of Drug Repurposing Approaches towards the Discovery of Effective BH4 Therapeutics

“…The phlorotannins eckol and phlorofucofuroeckol have both been shown to express cytotoxic effects in a number of different cancer cell lines [ 54 , 55 ]. Additionally, the brown algae derivatives, eckol and phlorofucofuroeckol have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity [ 56 , 57 ]. Further studies are required to determine whether their activity profile may be in part a result of the manipulation of GTPCH1 activity.…”

Function and Application of Flavonoids in the Breast Cancer

“…Flavonoids ( Figure 1 ) can modulate proliferation [ 5 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], invasion [ 45 , 46 ], and inflammatory signals through a variety of pathways associated with their qualities as antioxidants [ 24 , 47 ], estrogen agonists, or CYP1 (Cytochrome P450) inhibitors [ 39 ]. Flavonoids have also been found to influence inflammatory signaling via systems such as NF-кB (nuclear factor B), which regulates cell proliferation and survival [ 21 , 23 ].…”

“…Flavones, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanidins are the six subclasses of flavonoids [ 20 ]. According to a study, flavonoids have anti-inflammatory [ 21 ], antiviral [ 22 ], anti-allergic [ 23 ], antioxidant [ 24 ], and anti-tumor [ 25 ] properties. According to a study, flavonoids also inhibit tumor growth by causing death in cancer cells [ 26 ].…”