The Anti-diarrheal Activity of the Non-toxic Dihuang Powder in Mice

Shang, Xiaofei; Miao, Xiangshui; Yang, Feng; Li, Bing; Guo, Xiao; Hu, Pan; Zhang, Jiyu

doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01037

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In order to optimize the administration dosage, the acute toxicity of PSP was first evaluated. During the observation period of 24 h, the dose of 900–10,000 mg/kg of PSP did not induce any mortality or abnormal clinical signs, and none of the tested animals showed pathological changes at the limit dose of 10,000 mg/kg, which is consistent with the research of Xiao et al ( Shang et al, 2018 ). Then, the antidiarrhea effects of high, medium, and low dosages were evaluated using the diarrhea model established above.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There were some modifications to the acute toxicity test method compared to the previous method ( Shang et al, 2018 ). The oral doses of PSP ranged from 900 to 10,000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of PSP on diarrhea induced by castor oil was investigated ( Shang et al, 2018 ). Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups (6 per group).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Plantago asiatica L. is a natural medicinal plant that has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects such as antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. This study aims to explore the antidiarrheal active ingredients of Plantago asiatica L. that can be used as quality markers to evaluate P. asiatica L. superfine powder (PSP). Molecular docking experiment was performed to identify the effective components of P. asiatica L., which were further evaluated by an established mouse diarrhea model. Na+/K+-ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the Na+/K+ concentrations were determined. The gene expression of ckb and Atp1b3 was detected. PSP was prepared and evaluated in terms of the tap density and the angle of repose. The structures of PSPs of different sizes were measured by infrared spectra. The active ingredient contents of PSPs were determined by HPLC. The results indicated that the main antidiarrheal components of P. asiatica L. were luteolin and scutellarein that could increase the concentration of Na+ and K+ by upregulating the activity and gene level of CK and Na+/K+-ATPase. In addition, luteolin and scutellarein could also decrease the volume and weight of small intestinal contents to exert antidiarrheal activity. Moreover, as the PSP size decreased from 6.66 to 3.55 μm, the powder tended to be amorphous and homogenized and of good fluidity, the content of active compounds gradually increased, and the main structure of the molecule remained steady. The optimum particle size of PSP with the highest content of active components was 3.55 μm, and the lowest effective dose for antidiarrhea was 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, the antidiarrheal active ingredients of PSP were identified as luteolin and scutellarein that exert antidiarrheal activity by binding with Na+/K+-ATPase. PSP was successfully prepared and could be used as a new dosage form for the diarrhea treatment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There were some modifications to the acute toxicity test method compared to the previous method ( Shang et al, 2018 ). The oral doses of PSP ranged from 900 to 10,000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…As far as biochemical parameters, there were no marked differences in the levels of ALT, TP, TBIL and BUN between the control and UEDR treated groups in both sexes at all tested doses at day 28 and day 42. ALT, specific to hepatocytes and AST, found in liver, cardiac muscle, and kidney are well-known as markers of cell damage, especially hepatocyte necrosis [32][33][34] . TBIL, product of hemoglobin degradation, the increase in serum TBIL is an important indicator and sign of liver damage and cholestasis, and also ralated to increased hemolysis [35][36][37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological evaluation of the ultrasonic extract from Dichroae radix in mice and wistar rats

Wang¹,

Guo²,

Cui³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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This study was aimed at evaluating the acute and subchronic toxicity of ultrasonic extract of Dichroae radix (UEDR) in mice and rats. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatogrephy (TLC) were used to detect β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR for quality control. The levels of β-dichroine and α-dichroine in UEDR were 1.46 and 1.53 mg/g, respectively. An oral LD50 of 2.43 g/kg BW was observed in acute toxicity test. After 28-day repeated oral administration, compared with the control group, treatment-related changes in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG), lymphocyte counts and ratios, as well as in the relative organ weights (ROWs) of liver, kidney, lung, and heart, were detected in the middle- and high-dose groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), no differences were noted in the serum biochemical parameters and necropsy examinations in both sexes at all doses. Histopathological examinations exhibited UEDR-associated signs of toxicity or abnormalities. After 14 days withdrawal, no statistically significant or toxicologically relevant differences were observed in any of the UEDR-treated groups, and the hispathological lesions in the high-dose group were alleviated. Findings showed that long-course and high-dose of UEDR administration was toxic, and showed dose-dependence, the toxic damage was reversible.

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“…The inhibitory activity of the propulsion of a charcoal meal was estimated as described by Shang et al [13]. Rats were fasted for 24 hours but had a free access to water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo, Proteomic, and In Silico Investigation of Sapodilla for Therapeutic Potential in Gastrointestinal Disorders

Ansari

Khan

Qazi

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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This study aims to delineate the effects of Manilkara zapota Linn. (Sapodilla) fruit chloroform (Mz.CHCl3) and aqueous (Mz.Aq) extracts tested through different techniques. Antidiarrheal activity and intestinal fluid accumulation were examined by using castor oil-induced diarrhea and castor oil fluid accumulation models. Isolated rabbit jejunum tissues were employed for in vitro experiments. Antimotility and antiulcer were performed through charcoal meal transient time and ethanol-induced ulcer assay, molecular studies were conducted through proteomic analysis, and virtual screening was performed by using a discovery studio visualizer (DSV). Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts attributed dose-dependent (50–300 mg/kg) protection (20–100%) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and dose-dependently (50–300 mg/kg) inhibited intestinal fluid secretions in mice. Mz.CHCl3 and Mz.Aq extracts produce relaxation of spontaneous and K+ (80 Mm) induced contractions in isolated tissue preparations and decreased the distance moved by charcoal in the gastrointestinal transit model in rats. It showed gastroprotective effect in ulcerative stomach of rats and decreased levels of IL-18 quantified by proteomic analysis. Histopathological results showed ethanol-induced significant gastric injury, leading to cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, apoptosis, and focal necrosis in all gastric zones using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and the expression of tumor necrotic factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NFκB). In silico results were comparative to in vitro results evaluated through virtual screening. Moreover, ethanol increased the activation and expression of tumor necrotic factor, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. This study exhibits the gastroprotective effect of Manilkara zapota extracts in the peritoneal cavity using a proteomic and in silico approach which reveals different energy values against target proteins, which mediate the gastrointestinal functions.

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The Anti-diarrheal Activity of the Non-toxic Dihuang Powder in Mice

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder

Toxicological evaluation of the ultrasonic extract from Dichroae radix in mice and wistar rats

In Vivo, Proteomic, and In Silico Investigation of Sapodilla for Therapeutic Potential in Gastrointestinal Disorders

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