The anti-inflammatory activity of several flavonoids isolated fromMurraya paniculataon murine macrophage cell line and gastric epithelial cell (GES-1)

Abstract

ORIGINAL ARTICLEThe anti-inflammatory activity of several flavonoids isolated from Murraya paniculata on murine macrophage cell line and gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) Context Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae), Qianlixiang in Chinese, is distributed in China. As an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it demonstrates many bioactivities, such as febrifuge, astringent, anti-dysenteric, and tonic. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of three flavonoids isolated from M. paniculata in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage cell line and ethanol-induced gastric damage on gastric epithelial cell (GES-1). Materials and methods Three identified flavonoids were isolated from stems and leaves of M. paniculata using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Cell viability was measured with MTT, mouse peritoneal macrophages and GES-1 cells were incubated with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mM P1, P3 and P8 for 24, 48, and 72 h. The inhibitory effect of pretreatment with various concentrations of 5,7,3 0 ,4 0 ,5 0 -pentamethoxyflavone (P1), 5,7,3 0 ,4 0 -tetramethoxyflavone (P3), or 5-desmethylnobiletin 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,30 ,4 0 -pentameth-oxyflavone (P8) ranging from 0.03 to 30 mM on nitric oxide (NO) secretion was quantified by the Griess assay for 24 and 48 h, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by ELISA for 24 and 48 h. Results The effects of P1, P3, and P8 on mouse peritoneal macrophages and GES-1 cells were not attributable to cytotoxic effects at the doses of 0-10 mM. The IC 50 value of P1 is 53.40 mM, P3 is 120.98 mM, and P8 is 10.73 mM. The concentration of the three flavonoids had the best effects of anti-inflammation upon NO inhibition at the dose of 3 mM. P3 had the highest inhibition on IL-6 production. The GES-1 cells pretreated with three flavonoids showed a significant increase in the level of NO (P1: 7.94 ± 0.0635 mM, P3: 8.81 ± 0.0159 mM, and P8: 8.51 ± 0.0522 mM) at 24 h and a more significant increase at 48 h (P1: 9.34 ± 0.0975 mM, P3: 11.9 ± 0.0672 mM, and P8: 9.34 ± 0.0454 mM). Discussion and conclusion The current results suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of three flavonoids was mainly manifested in the reduction of production of NO and IL-6 production. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the double bond at C 2 -C 3 and the position of the B ring at C 2 /C 3 seemed to be indispensable for the anti-inflammatory activity.ARTICLE HISTORY

Effects of β-caryophyllene and Murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time–kill curve studies

“…2014 ; Wu et al. 2016 ). Few studies have been conducted with the essential oil of M. paniculata , and the majority of them have evaluated only the chemical composition, describing the presence of sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, limonene, spathulenol and elemene (γ and δ), as major compounds (Chowdhury et al.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Some Characteristic Constituents from the Vine Stems of Spatholobus suberectus

“…In general, flavonoid aglycones have stronger anti-inflammatory activity than their corresponding glycosides [36], where the glycosylation of some substituent groups may bring an important effect on the activities. The double bonds, especially at C-2/C-3 of ring C, in the flavonoid structure play a critical role in the anti-inflammatory activity [37,38], but not in isoflavone according to the results of research. Compounds 7 , 9 , 11 , 12 , and 13 showed similar NO inhibitory activities but different downregulated mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors; this functional difference may be related to the number and position of hydroxyl groups.…”

In vivo Efficacy of Murraya paniculata Leaf in Controlling Natural Helminthiasis in Goat

“…Boonkusol (2017) reported that both crude extracts from Tamarindus indica seeds and Murraya paniculata leaves showed 100% larval mortality after in vitro 12 h incubation. According to Wu et al (2016) report, three flavonoids in glass-leaf extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in white blood cells and gastrointestinal mucosal cells, reducing the formation of nitric oxide and Interleukin-6. Phytochemicals in the two plants like flavonoids and oleanane type triterpenes may have had their independent or synergistic anthelmintic effects (Zafar et al, 2009).…”