The anti-inflammatory effect of diclofenac is considerably augmented by topical capsaicinoids-containing patch in carrageenan-induced paw oedema of rat

Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most used drugs in musculoskeletal disorders, but their systemic adverse effects limit their therapeutic benefit in local inflammation. On the other hand, topical preparations of capsaicinoids are widely used for musculoskeletal disorders as a complementary therapy. In this study, the effects of both topical capsaicinoids-containing patch and local subcutaneous capsaicin application on the anti-inflammatory action of NSAID were examined. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema of rats was used as the inflammation model. The volume and weight of the paw oedema and plasma extravasation in the paw were determined after carrageenan injection. The systemic application of diclofenac (3 mg/kg), which is an NSAID, significantly decreased the volume and weight of the paw oedema. Topical capsaicinoids-containing patch application or local capsaicin injection (2, 10, 20 μg/paw) alone did not cause any effect on oedema volume and weight. However, the combination of diclofenac with topical capsaicinoids-containing patch significantly increased the effectiveness of diclofenac on inflammation. Evans blue content of the paws that represents plasma extravasation was decreased by capsaicinoids-containing patch with and without diclofenac and diclofenac combination with the lowest dose of capsaicin injection. The results of this study indicate that topical application of capsaicinoids-containing patch enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of diclofenac and its beneficial effect may not purely relate to its capsaicin content. In the treatment of local inflammatory disorders, the combination of NSAID with topical capsaicinoids-containing patch could increase the anti-inflammatory efficiency of drug without systemic side effects.

Nanomiemgel - A Novel Drug Delivery System for Topical Application - In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

“…It is widely prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis [3] , [4] , [5] . Capsaicin on the other hand, is used alone or in combination with other anti-inflammatory drugs to effectively reduce itching associated with skin inflammatory conditions [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] .…”

A wireless smart patch for the controlled repetitive transdermal administration of therapeutic agents

“…Diclofenac was used as the model drug given its analgesic properties and the fact that there are commercial diclofenac transdermal patches already available [16,17]. It is also extensively used as a model in the development of transdermal patch systems -those relying on purely passive transfer [22][23][24] and those exploiting physical enhancement such as heat or iontophoresis [25]. The sodium salt of diclofenac was mixed with the molten wax and stirred until homogenously distributed.…”

Development of Capsaicin-Containing Analgesic Silicone-Based Transdermal Patches

“…Ercan et al presented evidence for the potentiating effect of capsaicin with diclofenac. In a carrageenan-induced inflammation model, topical application of a capsaicinoid-containing patch enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of diclofenac in rats [ 13 ].…”