A wireless smart patch for the controlled repetitive transdermal administration of therapeutic agents

McConville, Aaron; Atchison, Jordan; Roddy, Ashlene; Davis, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.023

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Although it has been reported that thermal stimulation is harmless for epidermal drug delivery, [32] increasing the temperature of the skin to more than 45 °C range could be potentially damaging to the skin. [33][34][35] Therefore, to minimize any type of damage to the skin surface, the paper-based delivery platform was printed on a thick filter paper substrate (180 µm thickness) to minimize any potential heat transfer to the skin by the printed heater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper‐Based Flexible Bioelectronics

Zareei

Vidhya

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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a broad spectrum of applications due to their unique characteristics such as high mechanical flexibility, low cost, and scalable manufacturing. [1][2][3][4] However, many of the materials and processes used in PE devices often depend on nonbiodegradable polymer supporting substrates (such as silicone elastomers, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, etc.). [5][6][7][8][9] Considering the widespread implementation of PE, spanning from soft robots, human-machine interface, and flexible displays to advanced healthcare and virtual reality in the near future, the buildup of discarded electronic waste (e-waste) will cause adverse environmental effects. Recently, the United Nations has reported that by 2030 e-waste will grow up to 74 million metric tons on the planet, which will demand extensive landfill space for its appropriate disposal or recycling. [10] Therefore, researchers and scientists are highly inspired to find sustainable substitutes with the desired characteristics to address the concerns mentioned above.Recently, paper-based transient bioelectronics (PTB) composed of biodegradable materials have emerged as a new class of technology that can fully degrade to benign and environmentally safe by-products after they have served their primary function. [11][12][13][14] Despite the known bioresorbable characteristics of the paper substrates in PTB, the conductive traces and circuitry in these devices must be made from highly conductive and bioresorbable materials through Paper-based electronics are emerging as a new class of technology with broad areas of application. Despite several efforts to fabricate new types of flexible electronic devices by screen printing of conductive paste, many of them are often nonbiodegradable, toxic, and expensive, limiting their practical use in bioresorbable paper-based electronics. To address this need, a highly conductive and biodegradable bimodal conductive paste is developed using cost-effective zinc-based micro and nanoparticles with a facile low-temperature sintering process compatible with paper substrates. The two-step sintering process involves the removal of the insulating zinc oxide layer by spray coating acetic acid followed by a heat press sintering process to ensure the formation of highly packed and continuous metallic traces. The required conditions for the heat press sintering process are systematically studied using electrical, optical, and mechanical characterization techniques. The results of these investigations revealed an ultra-packed microstructure with high electrical conductivity (0.5 × 10 5 S m −1 ) and low oxide content that is obtained with a heat press sintering setting of 220 °C for 60 s. Finally, as a proof of concept, the conductive paste with an optimized sintering process is used to fabricate a wearable wireless heater for remote-controlled release of therapeutics. The controlled delivery of the system is validated in the practical and on-demand delivery of antibiotics for eradicating commonly found bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in derm...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper‐Based Flexible Bioelectronics

Zareei

Vidhya

Gopalakrishnan

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…An alternative option is to convert the drug to the polar form prior to encapsulation within the wax. This could be readily achieved if an appropriate salt formulation of the drug is available (i.e., diclofenac sodium salt [ 15 ]). Unfortunately, there are no commercial salt variants of curcumin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transdermal patches and microdevices that responsively alter a drug’s release dynamics upon being activated by mechanical, thermal, light, or electrical activation have begun to emerge in recent years [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In this particular case, the electrothermal activation of a phase-change material (PCM) was explored as a means of enabling the real-time modification of dosage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has included complexation with cyclodextrin [ 21 ] or encapsulation within various polymer films [ 21 , 22 ], hydrogels [ 23 , 24 ], and nanoparticles [ 25 ], with most still relying on passive release once in contact with the wound fluid [ 26 ]. More recently, there have been reports of stimulus-responsive release (typically pH) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], but no approach exists that can precisely modulate the release (i.e., scheduled delivery). The ability to control the delivery of curcumin through closed-loop sensing/actuation could offer a much more refined option for wound management (i.e., enabling maintenance of optimal dosage).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lasered Graphene Microheaters Modified with Phase-Change Composites: New Approach to Smart Patch Drug Delivery

et al. 2022

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The combination of paraffin wax and O,O′-bis(2-aminopropyl) polypropylene glycol–block–polyethylene glycol–block–polypropylene glycol was used as a phase-change material (PCM) for the controlled delivery of curcumin. The PCM was combined with a graphene-based heater derived from the laser scribing of polyimide film. This assembly provides a new approach to a smart patch through which release can be electronically controlled, allowing repetitive dosing. Rather than relying on passive diffusion, delivery is induced and terminated through the controlled heating of the PCM with transfer only occurring when the PCM transitions from solid to liquid. The material properties of the device and release characteristics of the strategy under repetitive dosing are critically assessed. The delivery yield of curcumin was found to be 3.5 µg (4.5 µg/cm2) per 3 min thermal cycle.

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“…Stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems potentially enable the treatment of such conditions because they have potential for spatiotemporally controlled drug delivery 8 . Indeed, materials responding to stimuli (such as enzymes, light, pH, temperature, ultrasound and electric/magnetic fields) have been developed for use as drug delivery devices, 9–24 with reviews specifically on the application of electroactive materials for drug delivery 25–31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wirelessly triggered bioactive molecule delivery from degradable electroactive polymer films

Ashton

Appen

Fırlak

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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The development of stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems offers significant opportunities for innovations in industry. It is possible to produce polymer‐based drug delivery devices enabling spatiotemporal control of the release of the drug triggered by an electrical stimulus. Here we describe the development of a wireless controller for drug delivery from conductive/electroactive polymer‐based biomaterials and demonstrate its function in vitro. The wireless polymer conduction controller device uses very low power, operating at 2.4 GHz, and has a supply voltage controller circuit which controls electrical stimulation voltage levels. The computer graphical user interface program communicates with the controller device, and it receives device information, device status and temperature data from the controller device. The prototype of the wireless controller system can trigger the delivery of a drug, dexamethasone phosphate, from a matrix of degradable electroactive polymers. Furthermore, we introduce the application of in silico toxicity screening as a potentially useful method to facilitate the design of non‐toxic degradable electroactive polymers for a multitude of biotechnological applications, addressing one of the key commercial challenges to biomaterial development, in accordance with ‘safe by design’ principles. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.

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A wireless smart patch for the controlled repetitive transdermal administration of therapeutic agents

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper‐Based Flexible Bioelectronics

A Biodegradable Hybrid Micro/Nano Conductive Zinc Paste for Paper‐Based Flexible Bioelectronics

Lasered Graphene Microheaters Modified with Phase-Change Composites: New Approach to Smart Patch Drug Delivery

Wirelessly triggered bioactive molecule delivery from degradable electroactive polymer films

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