The Anti-Nemic Potential of Mushroom against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for huge annual economic loss that is estimated to be more than 215 billion US$ worldwide due to plants damages caused by nematodes. The root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) is ranked first in the global list of top ten plant-parasitic nematodes, with wide host range of more than 3000 host plant species and posing a major threat in the cultivation of agricultural, vegetables, and horticultural crops. Such pathogens are commonly controlled using chemical nematicides. However, the risk of using such chemicals on human, animals, and surrounding environment has forced researchers to search for natural, less harmful, and effective nematicidal agents. In this review, we discuss the biological control of nematodes by different microorganisms, stressing on the promising capabilities of some mushrooms such as some species of Pleurotus, Beauveria, Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes.

Nameko Mushroom (Pholiota microspore), Hiratake Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Shimeji Mushrooms (Lyophyllum shimeji): Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Various Biological Activities: A Review

“…This is due to their richness in biologically active compounds that belong to diff erent chemical classes such as peptides, terpenes, phenols, fatty acids, glucans, fl avonoids, and others. There is an elevated scientifi c interest in mushrooms due to the high number of identifi ed mushroom species (over 14.000 species and counting) [11][12][13][14][15]. Also, due to the achieved advances in analyses techniques and instruments that allow accurate analysis and estimation of components originated from each mushroom species.…”

“…Proteins, polysaccharides, fi bers, and many other biomolecules isolated from mushrooms have been exhibited to help in the management of diabetes as biological antihyperglycaemic drugs [7]. Studies have shown that mushrooms display anti-diabetic properties [35], including antioxidants, blood glucose level reduction, and insulin secretion through glucose stimulation, digestive enzymes, and inhibitory eff ects on tyrosine kinase [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Mushrooms in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are much admired for pharmacological properties and their nutritional value.…”

Proteins of Pycnoporus sanguineus have nematicide activity and induce resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in Micro-Tom tomato plants

“…Accordingly, alternative methods, such as using basidiomycete fungi, can be a feasible option to manage this pathogen. It can happen through straight parasitism due to biological control, to the production of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics, toxins and lytic enzymes (Elkhateeb et al 2021) and to resistance induction.…”

“…The literature provides several reports about the in vitro nematicide activity of compounds extracted from basidiomycete macrofungi, as well as about biological control through direct parasitism (Elkhateeb et al 2021). There are also studies that use substrate colonized by basidiomycete and incorporated into the soil, such as Lentinula edodes (Santana-Santos et al 2022) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Marino and Silva 2013) to control M. incognita in lettuce.…”

The Fascinating Spongiforma Mushroom (Spongebob Mushroom)

“…Wild mushrooms have been consumed since ancient times due to their good taste and nutritional values. Also, mushrooms have the advantage of being rich in vital components such as proteins, vitamins, chitin, fibers, iron, zinc, selenium, sodium, and other [6][7][8][9][10].…”