The Anti-Nutritional and Proximate Composition of Rain Tree (Samanea saman) Pod Samples

Abstract

The anti-nutritional and proximate composition of pods of Samanea saman were determined. About 600g of wholesome, cleaned and dried pods were divided into two portions: one portion was ground as whole pod meal while the other portion was deseeded and ground as seedless meal. The removed seeds were ground separately as a sample to obtain three samples namely: whole pod, pulp and seed samples. Triplicate data obtained were subjected to One-Way ANOVA using SPSS software of version 21. Mean values and Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) were determined for the separation of the means at (p≤0.05). The whole pod had 1.49mg/100g oxalate, 1.97mg/100g hydrogen cyanide, 0.71mg/100g tannins, 27.07mg/100g saponins, 0.51mg/100g flavonoids and 1.71mg/100g alkaloids, which were significantly(p≤0.05) different from that of pulp (1.89mg/100g oxalate, 1.51mg/100g hydrogen cyanide, 0.86mg/100g tannins, 28.46mg/100g saponins, 1.00mg/100g flavonoids and 1.41mg/100g alkaloids) and seed samples (1.39mg/100g oxalate, 1.61mg100g hydrogen cyanide, 0.56mg/100g tannins, 26.51mg/100g saponins, 0.49mg/100g flavonoids and 1.86mg/100g alkaloids). The moisture contents were pulp (19.30%), whole pod (15.50%) and seed (9.20%). Ash content were whole pod (4.70%), pulp (2.90%) and seed (2.60%); Ether extract of whole pod, pulp and seed were 3.31%, 2.52% and 2.66% respectively. The crude proteins were whole pod (13.21%), pulp (10.98%) and seed (21.55%); crude fibre of the plant were whole pod (15.95%), pulp (6.77%) and seed (8.47%). The whole pod had 47.33% carbohydrate which was significantly (p≤0.05) lower than the carbohydrate of pulp (57.53%) and seed (55.52%). The utilization of the pods of S. samana is a significant source of bioactive that if harnessed in the formulation of nutraceutical beverage could offer a whole lot of health benefit to the users.

Proximate Compositions and Functional Properties of Composite Flour Produced with Date Fruit Pulp, Toasted Watermelon Seed and Wheat

“…Two gramme-portions of each flour blend samples were weighed into previously weighed dry crucibles. The crucibles with samples were dried in an oven at 105 o C, cooled in desiccators for ten minutes, reweighed and returned into the oven until a constant weight was attained [25][26][27]. The moisture content of the flour samples was calculated with the equation 1:…”

“…The Ash content was determined following the AOAC [24] method as modified by Uzoukwu et al [27]. Two grams of the samples were weighed in triplicate into previously weighed silica crucibles.…”

“…At the end of extraction, the solvent (petroleum ether) was evaporated by heating at 70 o C on a hot plate leaving the lipid extract in the flask. The flask with its contents were placed in an oven and dried at 110 o C for one hour, cooled in a desiccator and re-weighed [25][26][27].The percentage lipid was calculated as in equation 3:…”

“…This was titrated with 0.01 N hydrochloric acid to grey colored end point. A blank was also prepared without a sample and treated as above [26,27]. The amount of crude protein was then calculated by multiplying percentage nitrogen in the digest by the conversion factor (6.25) as in equation 4.…”

Impact of Source of yeast on Volatile Composition and Sensory Properties of Samanea saman ( Rain tree) Wine

“…The matured pods are black-brown, oblong, lumpy filled with a sticky, brownish pulp that is sweet and edible with aroma which attracts animals like cows when ripened and fallen. [3] reported that the pods are rich in proteins and carbohydrates and as such can be utilized as nutrient supplements in feeds. The sugary pulp must have contributed to the high carbohydrate content of the pod which also produced Samanea saman wine with above 9% alcohol content [1].…”