The Anti‐Obesity and Anti‐Inflammatory Capabilities of Pterostilbene and its Colonic Metabolite Pinostilbene Protect against Tight Junction Disruption from Western Diet Feeding

Abstract

Scope Tight junctions (TJs) are a member of the intestinal epithelium barrier that provides the first line of protection against external factors. Anti‐obesity and protective effects of pterostilbene (PSB) on TJs have previously been reported, but the effect of its colonic metabolite, pinostilbene (PIN), is less understood. Methods and results A 16‐week animal model feed with western‐diet to induce colonic TJs disruption is designed, supplemented with PSB and PIN to evaluate their potent in colonic TJ protection. The results show that both PSB and PIN exert suppressive effects on obesity, hepatic steatosis, and chronic inflammation in western‐diet‐fed mice. Western‐diet feeding significantly reduces expression of TJ proteins, including ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐1, while PSB and PIN supplementation effectively protects TJ proteins against disruption. Increment in serum, hepatic, and mesenteric pro‐inflammatory cytokines suggests their probable involvement in TJ disruption supported with the findings in macrophage polarization. The adverse are revered by PSB and PIN. The protective effect of PSB and PIN on TJ proteins may stem from their anti‐inflammation capabilities. Conclusion This is the first study suggesting that PIN, the metabolite of PSB, demonstrates a similar protective effect on colonic TJ proteins via its anti‐obesity, hepatic protection, and anti‐inflammatory capabilities.

Synergistic effects of natural products in combination with anticancer agents in prostate cancer: A scoping review

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Piceatannol and 3′-Hydroxypterostilbene Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Maintaining Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice

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The Role of Mitochondria in Phytochemically Mediated Disease Amelioration

“…111 It has been reported to have a 4-fold higher availability (may reach up to 80%) than resveratrol. 112 Its capacity to inhibit breast cancer cells via mitochondrial depolarization was reported in early 2010, 113 and in 2013, it was shown that Bax protein was involved in its pro-apoptotic effect on breast cancer, which subsequently led to the release of cytochrome c. 114 The translocation of Bax and increment of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity induced by pterostilbene might lead to the loss of MMP and the release of mitochondrial second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/ DIABLO) and cytochrome c proteins into cytosol, which consequently caused apoptosis in breast cancer cells (Figure 4). 114 As with resveratrol, conjugation of pterostilbene with an isothiocyanate moiety could significantly increase its efficacy, increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and release cytochrome c at a lower concentration.…”

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