The anti-obesity effects of a water-soluble glucan from Grifola frondosa via the modulation of chronic inflammation

Abstract

Polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) have anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the major type, molecular weight, homogeneity and structure of a polysaccharide purified from G. frondosa (denoted GFPA) were determined. In high-fat diet (HFD)-treated mice, 8 weeks of GFPA administration efficiently decreased body weight and blood glucose concentration and counteracted hyperlipidemia. GFPA efficiently decreased adipocyte size and ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in the three types of white adipose tissue and alleviated steatosis, fat accumulation and inflammatory infiltration in the livers of HFD-fed mice. GFPA also decreased the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory factors in the sera and livers of HFD-treated mice. Furthermore, GFPA was found to regulate lipid metabolism via the inhibition of ceramide levels in HFD-treated mice. GFPA exhibited strong anti-obesity effects via the modulation of chronic inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling, which supports the use of GFPA for the treatment of obesity.

Grifola frondosa may play an anti-obesity role by affecting intestinal microbiota to increase the production of short-chain fatty acids

“…As the two largest taxonomic phylum in the intestinal microbiota, the increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) is generally considered to be related to obesity ( 44 ). Two recent reports have shown that either G. frondosa polysaccharide or direct feeding G. frondosa can regulate lipid metabolism, reduce body weight, and is related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway ( 45 , 46 ). In this research, the weight growth trend of mice after low, middle, and high doses of GFPS intervention decreased, which also proved this point.…”

Oat β‐glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation

“…Reports indicated that moderate intake of β‐glucan was beneficial to the human intestine and mitigated damage to the intestine during inflammation via exerting antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties 34‐36 . Soluble glucan from Grifola frondosa also reduced high fat diet induced TLR4/NF‐κB signal pathway activation and exerted anti‐obesity effect 37 . As a well‐known gut microbiota modulator, β‐glucan could exhibit various functions via improving microbiota abundance.…”

“…[34][35][36] Soluble glucan from Grifola frondosa also reduced high fat diet induced TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway activation and exerted anti-obesity effect. 37 As a wellknown gut microbiota modulator, ⊎-glucan could exhibit various functions via improving microbiota abundance. Oat ⊎-glucan supplementation reduced serum level of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-⊍, interleukin-1⊎ (IL-1⊎), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by modulating gut microbial composition.…”

The amelioration of a purified Pleurotus abieticola polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

“…26 The M w and homogeneity of PAPS2 were determined using a gel permeation chromatography system coupled online to a multi-angle laser light scattering system. 27 The monosaccharide components of the hydrolyzed PAPS2 were detected using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. 25 After derivatization including methylation and acetylation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed for glycosidic linkage information analysis of PAPS2.…”