The anti-scarring role of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on cornea epithelial-stromal injury

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inhibits blue‐light‐induced skin oxidative damage with the involvement of mitophagy

“…Studies have shown that both pretreatment and posttreatment of LBP can increase antioxidant enzyme activity, 46 but pretreatment of LBP as an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine has a better efficacy, and the vast majority of studies have verified the good protective effect of LBP pretreatment in a variety of injury models, especially in radiation-induced cellular injury models. 47,48 In this study, we detected a decrease in HaCaT cell viability when exposed to blue light for prolonged periods of time, but this was significantly alleviated by LBP pretreatment (Figure 1A,B). Interestingly, compared with 1 mg/mL LBP, 10 mg/mL LBP was less protective in preventing the decline of cell viability (Figure 1B), which may be due to the fact that high concentrations of LBP inhibit cell growth, but no effect on cell viability was found when cells were treated with 10 mg/mL LBP alone (Figure 1C).…”

Microfluidics: a concise review of the history, principles, design, applications, and future outlook

“…Researchers have developed organ-on-chip models (Fig. 14) for the brain, 208,209 gut, 207,210 heart, 211,212 eyes, 213,214 muscle, 215 lungs, 216,217 liver, 218,219 skin, 220 blood vessels, 221 etc.…”

Current microfluidic platforms for reverse engineering of cornea

“… Model types Cell types Materials/fabrication methods of the device Primary model features Key findings Ref. Corneal epithelial barrier Immortalized human CEpCs PC membrane, PDMS/Xurography technique, cast molding Human CEpCs on a fibronectin functionalized PC membrane, mimicking anterior basement membrane and Bowman's layer (3 conditions: static, continuous flow and pulsatile flow) The chip was capable of simulating tear volume, tear flow, shear, friction, air exposure and blinking associated tear movement [ 34 ] Primary rabbit CEpCs and keratocytes CV membrane, PDMS/Soft lithography Bilayered culture of epithelium and stroma through fluidic connectivity to both the apical and basal side CV served as a natural scaffold for corneal tissue culture, and the vacuum integration enabled fluidic access to bilayered culture [ 56 ] Human CEpCs PET membrane, PDMS/3D printing, cast molding Spatiotemporal collection and analysis of extracellular metabolites Antioxidants (e.g., glutathione and uric acid) can be secreted from CEpCs recapitulating similar vivo secretion conditions [ 57 ] A bidirectional flow in the upper channels, while a unidirectional flow in the lower channel The shear stress forces would signal CEpCs of the corneal barrier to adapt to the frequent mechanical stimuli during eye blinking [ 58 ] Human keratocytes and CEpCs PC, stainless steel/N/A Cell culture inserts can be integrated with dynamic flow, forming a 3D HC construct The system realized automation, real-time assessment of substance barrier interaction and evaluation of tissue permeability [ 59 , 60 ] Corneal stroma Human corneal keratocytes PDMS/3D printing, cast molding Keratocytes in a hydrogel matrix of collagen type I to simulate in vivo human stroma LBP reduced both pro-fibrotic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines on corneal injury in vitro [ 61 ] Primary rabbit corneal keratocytes PDMS/Soft lithography Simultaneous coating of up to 8 substrates with aligned collagen fibrils This platform enabled to study how simultaneous exposure to topographical and soluble cues influence cell behavior. [ …”

“…Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, was shown to elicit a therapeutic effect on minimizing liver fibrosis [ 79 ], and its potential efficacy in minimizing corneal stromal scarring was investigated using a PDMS corneal-stroma-on-a-chip [ 61 ]. Keratocytes were cultured in a thin collagen type I matrix that mimicked the thickness and composition of corneal stroma ( Fig.…”

“…(A) (i) Schematic procedure of chip fabrication, (ii) the immunocytochemistry results, and (iii) effect of LBP pre-treatment on secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 proteins from keratocytes (Reproduced Ref. [ 61 ] with permission of Elsevier, Copyright 2021 Elsevier). (B) Fabrication process of the PDMS microfluidic device and aligned collagen fibril formation [ 62 ].…”