The Anti-Stress Effect of Mentha arvensis in Immobilized Rats

Abstract

Stress can lead to inflammation, accelerated aging, and some chronic diseases condition. Mentha arvensis (MA) is a traditional medicine having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the anti-stress role of MA and fermented MA (FMA) extract in immobilized rats. We studied the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and rats were immobilized for 2 h per day for 14 days using a restraining cage. MA (100 mg/kg) and FMA (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats 1 h prior to immobilization. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we determined the rosmarinic acid content of MA and FMA. The generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 246.7 cells were suppressed by both MA and FMA. In rats, MA and FMA notably improved the body weight, daily food intake, and duodenum histology. MDA and NO level were gradually decreased by MA and FMA treatment. MA and FMA significantly controlled the stress-related hormones by decreasing corticosterone and β-endorphin and increasing serotonin level. Moreover, protein expression levels of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were markedly downregulated by MA and FMA. Taken together, MA and FMA could ameliorate immobilized-stress by reducing oxidative stress, regulating stress-related hormones, and MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathways in rats. Particularly, FMA has shown greater anti-stress activities than MA.

Neuroprotective Effects of Cornus officinalis on Stress-Induced Hippocampal Deficits in Rats and H2O2-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

“…Stress induces oxidative stress and also causes inflammation. COX-2 is a key mediator of inflammatory pathways in rats [31], and increased COX-2 expression has been found in stressed rats [25]. CC or FCC pretreatment blocked increasing level of COX-2 expression and especially FCC pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced COX-2 expression level (Figure 4).…”

“…Co., LTD, Dongducheon, South Korea). CC and FCC extracts were prepared according to the published method [25]. Briefly, 20 g CC power was extracted in 400 mL water and stirred at 100 • C for 9 h. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, lyophilized, and sterilized at 121 • C for 15 min.…”

“…Previous study has shown that stress-induced oxidative stress may cause neurotoxicity by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family [25]. Our data showed that phosphorylation of MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) family proteins was significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) increased in the hippocampus after stress challenge, but was remarkably (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) reversed by pretreatment with CC and especially FCC extract (Figure 4).…”

Kaempferide prevents cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative stress and enhancement of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/cAMP response element‐binding signaling pathway

“…SOD is important antioxidant enzymes protected cellule against damage caused by oxygen‐derived free radicals, by means of removing toxic peroxide metabolites and blocking lipid peroxidation chain reaction (Cao et al, ). The MDA as index of lipid peroxidation has attracted widespread interest, because it appears to offer a means of assessing lipid peroxidation in biological materials (Tian et al, ). So we determine the concentration of SOD and MDA as antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.…”

Possible modulation of nervous tension-induced oxidative stress by vitamin E

“…Everyday life of the modern person is replete with tension and high levels of stress ( Can et al, 2019 ). While stress is itself of diverse types, its influence varies in terms of psychological and physiological manifestations as well ( Tian et al, 2018 ). Recent studies provide a link between stress among adults and the risk of cardiac diseases, including coronary heart artery disease and arteriosclerosis; stressed individuals may, in particular, be prone to developing high blood pressure and diabetes ( Keltikangas-Jarvinen et al, 1998 ).…”