The antidepressant-like effect of tDCS in mice: A behavioral and neurobiological characterization

Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Induces Dopamine Release in the Ventral Striatum in Human

“…The literature supports 2 possible mechanisms, involving glutamatergic cortical projections: a direct pathway, via corticostriatal projections and an indirect pathway, involving cortical projections on mesostriatal dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Both mechanisms could be involved in tDCS effects, according to animal studies showing that stimulation of the PFC could promote activation in both striatal and ventral tegmental regions ( Taber and Fibiger 1995 ; Peanlikhit et al 2017 ). With the notion that tDCS modulates glutamatergic and GABAergic activity under the electrodes ( Stagg et al 2009 ), bifrontal tDCS may impact the glutamatergic projections from the DLPFC, and consequently modify subcortical activity, as shown by a recent MR-spectroscopy study reporting that bifrontal tDCS had fast excitatory effects in the left striatum ( Hone-Blanchet et al 2016 ).…”

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Induces Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Microglial Morphological Changes in Mice

“…However, these studies used stronger stimulation in terms of stimulus current, duration, and/or frequency. Moreover, the anesthesia condition used in the current study is deeper than that in the study by Peanlikhit et al (2017). Considering the lack of astrocytic Ca 2+ surges in this condition (Extended Data Fig.…”

“…For instance, one study reported that enhancements of GFAP and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in anesthesia changed gene expression (de Souza Nicolau et al, 2018). Another study showed long-lasting antidepressive behavioral effects (Peanlikhit et al, 2017). However, these studies used stronger stimulation in terms of stimulus current, duration, and/or frequency.…”

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Visual Illusion Effect According to Sensory Phenotypes in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury and Neuropathic Pain

“…19 tDCS may induce long-lasting antidepressant-like effect. 29 Specifically, tDCS may modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and effect changes through long-term potentiation or long-term depression-like mechanisms. 42 Synergism of neuromodulation by tDCS with VI techniques appear to exist.…”