The antimicrobial activity of ephedrine and admixture of ephedrine and propofol: an in vitro study

Tulgar, Serkan; Alasehir, Elcin Akduman; Selvi, Onur

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2017.06.004

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The studies in the literature indicate that the debate on the antimicrobial effects of LAs remains. Although several different studies reported the various spectra of antimicrobial effects with the same LAs, further studies are required to investigate this issue . In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the antimicrobial efficacy of a commonly used LA, lidocaine, and the combination of lidocaine and adrenalin in comparison to an antibacterial agent, mupirocine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ephedrine and adrenalin are vasopressor agents commonly used for several patient management purposes in the anaesthesia practice . A study by Tulgar et al determined the antimicrobial effects of ephedrine on S aureus when used alone or in combination with propofol but it did not show these effects on E coli and P aeruginosa . In our study, we determined that lidocaine in combination with adrenalin showed antimicrobial effects on S aureus , E coli , and P aeruginosa ; and these antimicrobial effects were found out to be statistically significant compared with the group, in which lidocaine was administered alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics

Kesici

Demırci

Kesi̇ci̇

2019

International Wound Journal

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After the introduction of cocaine to the medical practice, local anaesthetics (LA) became essential in pain control. LA infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anaesthesia or postoperative analgesia. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of the topical antimicrobial agent mupirocine with those of the LA lidocaine and the combination of lidocaine and adrenalin. In our study, the in vitro antimicrobial effects of 1 mL sterile saline, 20 mg/mL mupirocine, 20 mg/mL Lidocaine, and 20 mg/mL Lidocaine and Adrenaline were tested against Staphylococcus aureus American type culture collection (ATCC) 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as Group C (Control), Group M (Mupirocine), Group L (Lidocaine), and Group LA (Lidocaine + adrenaline), respectively. S aureus ATCC 29213, P aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and E coli ATCC 25922 were cultured onto Mueller–Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) plates for 18 to 24 hours at 37°C. Colonies from these plates were suspended in sterile saline and a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard suspension (corresponding to 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) of each isolate was prepared. S Aureus ATCC 29213 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M, Group LA, and Group L were significantly higher compared with the group C (P ˂ 0.05). P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M and Group LA were significantly higher compared with the group C (P ˂ 0.05). E coli ATCC 25922 inhibition zone diameter values of Group M, Group LA, and Group L were significantly higher compared to the group C (P ˂ 0.05). LA infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anaesthesia or postoperative analgesia. Considering that LAs show antimicrobial effects besides their analgesic effects, they may contribute to preventing the development and reducing the rate of surgical infections, decreasing the requirement to administer antibiotics. However, caution should be exercised not to antagonise the effective treatment of surgical infections, remembering that controversy on the antimicrobial effects of LAs remains in the literature. Therefore, further comprehensive studies with larger patient populations are warranted to demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of LAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics

Kesici

Demırci

Kesi̇ci̇

2019

International Wound Journal

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“…The first data on the possible antibacterial effect of local anesthetics appeared as early as the beginning of the 20th century, but even today there are limited studies on this field and they vary significantly, and sometimes even contradict each other. Therefore, a thorough study of the impact of local anesthetics on the microbiota of various human biotopes requires further study ( Tulgar et al, 2018 ; Kesici et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of local anesthetics against planktonic forms and film formation of S. aureus strains and its dependence on antiseptics activity

Faustova,

Nazarchuk,

Dmytriiev

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Today surgical site infections (SSIs) remain the second among hospital acquired infections in Europe and the USA. Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen of nosocomial infections occur more frequently in surgical hospitals. The work was aimed to establish the effect of local anesthetics against planktonic forms and biofilm-formation of S. aureus clinical strains and the relationship between the sensitivity of S. aureus strains to local anesthetics and antiseptics in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of local anesthetics (0.5%, bupivacaine, 2.0% lidocaine, 0.375% ropivacaine) and antiseptics (decamethoxine 0.02%, chlorhexidine 0.05%) against clinical strains of S. aureus was observed and studied their ability to produce biofilms. The antimicrobial effect of local anesthetics was lower compared to antiseptics, but we observed inhibition of growth and reproduction of S. aureus in their presence. The ropivacaine solution and the lidocaine solution demonstrated almost the same activity against the studied microorganism isolates. Along with this, bupivacaine solution had the highest activity against the studied microorganisms. The minimal inhibitory concentration of bupivacaine for S. aureus was 2.2 times lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration of lidocaine and 2.1 times lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration of ropivacaine significantly (p < 0.05). Scientific research on various aspects of the formation of bacterial biofilms is a relevant area that will change approaches to the prophylaxis and treatment of a number of infections, including SSIs.

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“…Akbari et al [19] found that the incidence of PIP was 36%, 16%, and 4%, respectively, when 30 mg/kg magnesium sulfate, 0.5 mg/kg thiopental sodium and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine were injected through the ipsilateral dorsal vein 1 min before propofol injection. Similarly, dexmedetomidine [8] , opioids such as remifentanil [11,20] , dezocine [9] , 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [7] , non-steroidal anti-in ammatory drugs [21] , ephedrine [22] , esmolol [10] exerts a certain amount of inhibition on PIP without effecting complete elimination using only one intervention. As we know, PIP is immediate as well as delayed after 10-20 s, the immediate pain is because of the irritation of vein endothelium and delayed pain is because of the release of mediators such as kininogen from kinin cascade [23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Pretreatment with Remimazolam on Prevention of Propofol-Induced Injection Pain in Patients Undergoing Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Sing-Center, Randomized, Double-Blinded and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Yuan

Wen

Xing

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of remimazolam pretreatment in preventing propofol-induced injection pain (PIP) in patients undergoing gastroscopy. Methods One hundred and forty patients( ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ, aged 18–65 years, BMI 18–28 kg/m2) who had undergone selective gastroscopy were randomized into either a saline group ( group S) or a remimazolam group ( group R) ( n = 70 for each) on a computer-generated random number basis. The patients in group S received normal saline (0.1 mL/kg) and those in group R were administered remimazolam (0.1 mg/kg) via intravenous infusion for 60 seconds. Group S and R patients were intravenously received propofol (0.5 mL/s) until loss of consciousness. A different anesthesiologist who was unaware of the pretreatment was responsible for maintaining the outcome. The primary endpoint of our study was the incidence of PIP, which was measured using a 4-point scale. Secondary endpoints include the intensity of PIP, vital signs, characteristics of surgery and recovery, and adverse events. Results The incidence of PIP was significantly lower in group R than in group S (12.86 vs 51.43%, p < 0.001), and a lower percentage of patients presented with moderate PIP (2.86 vs 20.0%, p < 0.001). Moreover, lower consumption of propofol, shorter recovery time, and greater patient satisfaction were observed in group R than in group S. Conclusion Pretreatment with remimazolam can effectively reduce the incidence and intensity of PIP in gastroscopy and shorten the recovery time without severe adverse effects. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR2200063793).

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The antimicrobial activity of ephedrine and admixture of ephedrine and propofol: an in vitro study

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics

Antimicrobial effects of local anaesthetics

The effect of local anesthetics against planktonic forms and film formation of S. aureus strains and its dependence on antiseptics activity

Efficacy of Pretreatment with Remimazolam on Prevention of Propofol-Induced Injection Pain in Patients Undergoing Gastroscopy: A Prospective, Sing-Center, Randomized, Double-Blinded and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

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