The Antioxidant Gallic Acid Inhibits Aflatoxin Formation in &lt;em&gt;Aspergillus flavus&lt;/em&gt; by Modulating Transcription Factors FarB and CreA

Zhao, Xixi; Zhi, Qing-Qing; Li, Jie-Ying; Keller, Nancy P.; He, Zhu‐Mei

doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0204.v1

2018

DOI: 10.20944/preprints201806.0204.v1

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The Antioxidant Gallic Acid Inhibits Aflatoxin Formation in <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> by Modulating Transcription Factors FarB and CreA

Xixi Zhao¹,

Qing-Qing Zhi²,

Jie-Ying Li³

et al.

Abstract: Aflatoxin biosynthesis is correlated with oxidative stress and is proposed to function as a secondary defense mechanism to redundant intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We find that the antioxidant gallic acid inhibits aflatoxin formation and growth in A. flavus in a dose-dependent manner. Global expression analysis (RNA-Seq) of gallic acid treated A. flavus showed that 0.8% (w/v) gallic acid revealed two possible routes of aflatoxin inhibition. Gallic acid significantly inhibited the expression of fa… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

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Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Gallo

Perrone

2021

IJMS

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Filamentous fungi are able to synthesise a remarkable range of secondary metabolites, which play various key roles in the interaction between fungi and the rest of the biosphere, determining their ecological fitness. Many of them can have a beneficial activity to be exploited, as well as negative impact on human and animal health, as in the case of mycotoxins contaminating large quantities of food, feed, and agricultural products worldwide and posing serious health and economic risks. The elucidation of the molecular aspects of mycotoxin biosynthesis has been greatly sped up over the past decade due to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, which greatly reduced the cost of genome sequencing and related omic analyses. Here, we briefly highlight the recent progress in the use and integration of omic approaches for the study of mycotoxins biosynthesis. Particular attention has been paid to genomics and transcriptomic approaches for the identification and characterisation of biosynthetic gene clusters of mycotoxins and the understanding of the regulatory pathways activated in response to physiological and environmental factors leading to their production. The latest innovations in genome-editing technology have also provided a more powerful tool for the complete explanation of regulatory and biosynthesis pathways. Finally, we address the crucial issue of the interpretation of the combined omics data on the biology of the mycotoxigenic fungi. They are rapidly expanding and require the development of resources for more efficient integration, as well as the completeness and the availability of intertwined data for the research community.

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Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Gallo

Perrone

2021

IJMS

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Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Carvacrol against Black Mold Disease Agent Alternaria alternata in Goji Berries

Wang,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2024

JoF

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Alternaria alternata, as a main decay fungus of goji berry, can produce mycotoxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Carvacrol (CVR) has exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. We assumed that CVR can also be applied to control Alternaria rot on goji berries and mycotoxins produced by the pathogens. To investigate whether CVR impacts the accumulation of mycotoxins and cell membrane damage of A. alternata, the antifungal activity of CVR on the fungal growth and mycotoxin production was evaluated in this study. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CVR against A. alternata was 0.12 µL/mL. Meanwhile, the destruction of plasma membrane integrity, cytoplasmic leakage, intracellular oxidative damage, and inhibitory effect in vivo were also observed in A. alternata treated with CVR. Moreover, CVR significantly reduced the accumulation of AOH, AME, and TeA. Transcriptomic profiling was performed by means of comparative RNA-Seq analysis to research the gene expression level of A. alternata, which attested to significant changes in nitrogen metabolism, carbon utilization, fatty acid oxidation, and antioxidant enzymes in CVR-treated A. alternata. This study suggests a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of response to CVR treatment in A. alternata, indicating that CVR is a novel antifungal agent with the potential to be applied to various fungi.

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Gallic Acid and Diabetes Mellitus: Its Association with Oxidative Stress

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe chronic metabolic disease with increased mortality and morbidity. The pathological progression of DM is intimately connected with the formation and activation of oxidative stress (OS). Especially, the involvement of OS with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation has shown a vital role in the pathophysiological development of DM and related complications. Interestingly, accumulating studies have focused on the exploration of natural antioxidants for their improvement on DM. Of specific interest is gallic acid (GA), which is rich in many edible and herbal plants and has progressively demonstrated robust antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on metabolic disorders. To provide a better understanding of its potential therapeutic impacts and enhancement of human health care, the available research evidence supporting the effective antidiabetic properties of GA and relevant derivatives are needed to be summarized and discussed, with emphasis on its regulation on OS and inflammation against DM. This review aims to highlight the latest viewpoints and current research information on the role of OS in diabetes and to provide scientific support for GA as a potential antihypoglycemic agent for DM and its complications.

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The Antioxidant Gallic Acid Inhibits Aflatoxin Formation in <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> by Modulating Transcription Factors FarB and CreA

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis

Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Carvacrol against Black Mold Disease Agent Alternaria alternata in Goji Berries

Gallic Acid and Diabetes Mellitus: Its Association with Oxidative Stress

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