The antitumor effect of formosanin C on HepG2 cell as revealed by 1H-NMR based metabolic profiling

Saponins as cytotoxic agents: an update (2010–2018). Part I—steroidal saponins

“…This saponin was reported also in other Paris sp., as well as in Cestrum, Allium, Ypsilandra, and Dioscorea species (Xia et al 2016;Ribeiro et al 2016a, b;Sobolewska et al 2006). With respect to the mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic activity it was found that paris saponin II induced apoptosis via activation of caspase 2, S-phase arrest, and suppressed expression of metalloproteinases MMP-1, -2, and -9 (Li et al 2014;Man et al 2011). Intraperitoneal administration of formosanin C at 15 and 25 mg kg -1 in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer led to a 46% and 70% tumor growth inhibition, respectively (Xiao et al 2012).…”

Curcumin enhances the anti‐cancer effects of Paris Saponin II in lung cancer cells

“…In our previous research, PSII (formosanin C) as one of the main effective compounds in RPS was absorbed in rat plasma after oral administration of RPS . Meanwhile, the anti‐tumour effect of PSII has been observed in several cultural cells and animal systems through inducing apoptosis, promoting S phase arrest and suppressing NF‐κB signalling . It was reported that CUR as a multi‐target agent enhanced the efficacy of some chemotherapy drugs by improving their pharmacokinetics and inducing apoptosis .…”

“…As previous reported, paris saponin II (PSII) was isolated from Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS). Its anti‐tumour effect has been observed in several cultural cells and animal systems through inducing apoptosis by elevating pro‐apoptotic elements including Bax, cytosolic cytochrome C, activated‐caspase‐3, and activated‐caspase‐9, promoting S phase arrest, suppressing NF‐κB signalling and so forth. Meanwhile, curcumin (CUR) as a multi‐target agent in the spice turmeric exhibited anti‐inflammatory, anti‐proliferative, anti‐oxidant, pro‐apoptotic and so forth effects against a variety of cancer models.…”

Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Treated with Sorafenib Monotherapy vs. Sorafenib-Everolimus Combination Therapy

“…High-glucose DMEM, fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin–streptomycin, trypsin and EDTA were obtained from Thermo (Beijing, China), and the human HCC cell line HepG2 was acquired from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) [ 9 ]. As previously described [ 9 ], the HepG2 cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated (56°C, 30 min) FCS, penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 with passage every 3 days.…”