The applicability of pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography for preparative separation of biosynthesis products: Glycosylation products as example

An efficient strategy for large‐scale preparation of low polarity gingerols directly from ginger crude extract by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode

“…The chemical structures of [6]‐gingerol (I), [8]‐gingerol (II), [6]‐shogaol (III), [6]‐dehydrogingerdione (IV) and [10]‐gingerol (V).…”

“…To obtain these major low polarity gingerols in a large scale, repeated injection was further employed. As shown in Figure 2, under the selected conditions, five major low polarity gingerols including 150 mg of [6]-gingerol, 50 mg of [8]-gingerol, 20 mg of [6]-shogaol, 43 mg of [6]-dehydrogingerdione, and 40 mg of [10]-gingerol were obtained from 1.2 g of crude extract in a single run of about 400 min. UPLC analysis showed the purity of target compounds was over 93% (Figure 3).…”

“…Target , δ H 0.87 (3H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, H 3 -10). The structure was determined as [10]-gingerol based on the results of 1 H-NMR [33,34].…”

“…However, these techniques are tedious, time-consuming, and waste solvent, typically require numerous steps for completion and often cause irreversible adsorption of the sample onto the solid stationary phase [8]. As to efficient separation methods, preparative-HPLC and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) are the most common and popular ones which provide a lot of advantages over other chromatographic techniques, such as high efficiency, high resolution, and good repeatability [9][10][11]. They take advantage of high-performance separation, online detection, and automatic control to realize efficient preparation of target compounds [12][13][14].…”

An overview of recent progress in multiple dual‐mode counter‐current chromatography

“…At the same time, the technique also has the advantages of high recovery, high preparation volume, and low solvent loss [4,5]. As a result, it has been widely used in the separation of complex components in the fields of natural products [6][7][8][9][10], synthetic products [11][12][13][14][15], chiral separation [16][17][18][19][20], and rare earth elements [21,22]. However, CCC also has obvious drawbacks, such as low theoretical column numbers and separation efficiency.…”