The application and effectiveness of fly ash granule using tapioca flour and sugarcane molasses as granule agents for soil ameliorant and fertilizer

Abstract

The most popular fly ash application as coal combustion energy waste is as a mixing agent for cemented infrastructure and building construction. However, due to its appropriate various mineral content from vegetation fossil, the usage for fertilizer and soil amelioration agent was tested in small pots on the field. The experiment’s purpose was to confirm the effectiveness of fly ash granule application using tapioca flour and sugar cane molasses as granule agents for soil ameliorant and fertilizer. Specifically, for the sorghum growth, development, and potential bioethanol yield harvested in the vegetative stage. The granule binding agents’ source is from an agricultural product, byproduct, or agricultural waste. Hence, environmental management and the fly ash granules’ production system exhibit the advantage of a sustainable production system. The concentration of 10% of the granule binding agents concentration for the application at a rate of 8 tons ha−1 was effective enough to improve the soil properties, plant growth, and the doubling of potential bioethanol yield.

The improvement of soil, plant growth, and sugarcane yield Saccharum officinarum (L) on account of the application of fly ash granule and dolomite as ameliorating agents in peat soil

“…TCLP analyzes were conducted by US-EPA Method 1992 Nr. 1311, which showed the concentration of Hg was <0.004 ppm, Cd <0.002 ppm, Pb <0.07 ppm, and As =0.92 ppm [16].…”

“…The application of dolomite also exposed a similar impact at the rate of 1:55 until 1:19, to reach a pH value from 6.0 to 7.0. Since the concentration of heavy metals in the fly ash granule and the TCLP-value is low below the human health standard, so the possible enrichment of heavy metals concentration in the soil after the incorporation of the granules into the soil was not paid attention further [16].…”

“…Dolomite consists majorly of only Mg and Ca at the starting value of pH 6.0 or 7.0. Fly ash, on the contrary, contains more micronutrients required by the growing plants, including sugarcane plants at least Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu [16,17]. The average plant heights after relatively stable values in the last 7 months of growing time until harvest showed a relatively consistent value at all the treatments i.e., 292.6±34.2 cm and 318.5±38.4 cm at fly ash granules into peat soil at the rate of 1:12 and 1:7 respectively, 179.9±22.1 cm and 258.9±31.6 cm at the application of dolomite at the rate of 1:55 until 1:19 respectively, and only 134.1±14.4 in the control treatment without any application of fly ash granule nor dolomite.…”

Effect of fly ash and bottom ash application as mix growing media on heavy metals status in vegetables

“…FABA additions as granules in the rate of 8 ton ha -1 on mineral soils increased the pH starting in the week 4 th for at least for 4 months after soil application due to the contribution of the significant content of Ca and Mg in the FABA (Agusta et al, 2021). Soil EC, TDS, Ca 2+, Na +, and NO3on FABA growing media were not significantly different (Table 2).…”

“…Applications of FABA on a limited scale reduce those risks. However, when used on a large scale, it is already appropriate to use a variety of options that are suitable for the conditions of cultivation, either granulated with various agents granules such as tapioca or molasse (Agusta et al, 2020), pellet formulations (Arista et al, 2022), or slurry formulations based on weak acids or weak bases (Agusta et al, 2020).…”