The application of gallium as a liquid metal lubricant

Kezik, V.Ya.; Kalinichenko, A. S.; Kalinitchenko, V.A.

doi:10.3139/146.030081

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The existence of such tribo-film was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cross section of the lower steel ball around the contact zone, as shown in Figure c, in accordance with previous research involving the use of pure Ga as a lubricant . The thickness of the tribo-film increased with load (Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To overcome the disadvantages of traditional organic lubricants, we focused our attention on gallium-based liquid metal (GBLM), which has high thermal diffusivity, low melting point, and high fluidity, biocompatibility, and temperature stability. , GBLM has been emerging as a promising material for applications such as chip cooling and flexible and reconfigurable electronics. − The excellent properties of GBLM also make it a potentially good extreme pressure lubricant. For the application of GBLM lubricant, previous researchers have studied the physical and chemical characteristics of GBLM (including gallium), its lubrication performance as a magnetohydrodynamic lubricant, and its usefulness as a lubricant in electricity-carrying contacts, journal bearings, and other tribological systems requiring good lubricity under certain conditions . However, the contact pressure in previously reported applications of GBLM lubricant − was relatively low (mostly less than 1 GPa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the application of GBLM lubricant, previous researchers have studied the physical and chemical characteristics of GBLM (including gallium), its lubrication performance as a magnetohydrodynamic lubricant, and its usefulness as a lubricant in electricity-carrying contacts, journal bearings, and other tribological systems requiring good lubricity under certain conditions . However, the contact pressure in previously reported applications of GBLM lubricant − was relatively low (mostly less than 1 GPa). The extreme-pressure lubrication performance of GBLM has not been explored to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art of Extreme Pressure Lubrication Realized with the High Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Metal

Tian

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Sliding between two objects under very high load generally involves direct solid-solid contact at molecular/atomic level, the mechanism of which is far from clearly disclosed yet. Those microscopic solid-solid contacts could easily lead to local melting of rough surfaces. At extreme conditions, this local melting could propagate to the seizure and welding of the entire interface. Traditionally, the microscopic solid-solid contact is alleviated by various lubricants and additives based on their improved mechanical properties. In this work, we realized the state-of-the-art of extreme pressure lubrication by utilizing the high thermal diffusivity of liquid metal, 2 orders of magnitude higher than general organic lubricants. The extreme pressure lubrication property of gallium based liquid metal (GBLM) was compared with gear oil and poly-α-olefin in a four-ball test. The liquid metal lubricates very well at an extremely high load (10 kN, the maximum capability of a four-ball tester) at a rotation speed of 1800 rpm for a duration of several minutes, much better than traditional organic lubricants which typically break down within seconds at a load of a few kN. Our comparative experiments and analysis showed that this superextreme pressure lubrication capability of GBLM was attributed to the synergetic effect of the ultrafast heat dissipation of GBLM and the low friction coefficient of FeGa tribo-film. The present work demonstrated a novel way of improving lubrication capability by enhancing the lubricant thermal properties, which might lead to mechanical systems with much higher reliability.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art of Extreme Pressure Lubrication Realized with the High Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Metal

Tian

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Ga-based liquid metal (GLM) may be a potential heat-transfer material in many industries such as electronic devices and nuclear reactors because it combines environmental friendliness, high specific heat, low melting point, and many other advantages. − The friction and corrosion problems between GLM and structural components at high temperatures have become a major issue that must be confronted and solved before its large-scale industrial applications. , Compared with the traditional lubricating oils, when GLM is used as a lubricant, the lubrication state is mostly in the boundary lubrication, with a higher friction coefficient (∼0.1–0.6) and wear rate (orders of magnitude range from 10 –7 to 10 –4 mm 3 /Nm). − Unless it is used for rolling bearings with high speed (>1 m/s), the friction coefficient can be as low as 0.01. , Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in the lubricating performances of GLM, and it is valuable to explore some technical means to address this scientific problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6−11 Unless it is used for rolling bearings with high speed (>1 m/s), the friction coefficient can be as low as 0.01. 12,13 Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in the lubricating performances of GLM, and it is valuable to explore some technical means to address this scientific problem.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Al-Doped Ga-Based Liquid Metal: Modification Strategy and Controllable High-Temperature Lubricity through Frictional Interface Regulation

et al. 2019

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Ga-based liquid metal (GLM) may be a potential heat-transfer material in many industries such as electronic devices and nuclear reactors, and thus, improving its lubricity is conducive to solving the friction and corrosion problems of the motion pairs served in the GLM medium. This paper proposes a modification strategy based on the conventional and large-scale mechanical milling to prepare Al-doped GLM successfully and regulates the GLM lubricity through controlling the frictional interface properties. It is found that at room temperature (∼20 °C), the Al element in the Al-doped GLM medium has a stronger adsorption capacity on the T91 surface, so the Al-rich film is formed on the frictional interfaces and reduces the wear of the T91 disk effectively compared to that in the GLM medium. However, the doping of Al is detrimental to the wear resistance of the T91 steel significantly at 400 °C by inhibiting the formation of the protective FeGa 3 film on the frictional interfaces, which readily appears at T91 frictional interfaces in the GLM medium. At 600 °C, Al atoms participate in the formation of a multilayer intermetallic film, thus improving the wear resistance again. This paper provides a new idea for preparing the metaldoped GLM and improving the lubricity of GLM, and it drives forward our understanding of the lubrication mechanisms of liquid lubricants.

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Ga-based liquid metal: Lubrication and corrosion behaviors at a wide temperature range

et al. 2018

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The application of gallium as a liquid metal lubricant

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

State-of-the-Art of Extreme Pressure Lubrication Realized with the High Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Metal

State-of-the-Art of Extreme Pressure Lubrication Realized with the High Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Metal

Al-Doped Ga-Based Liquid Metal: Modification Strategy and Controllable High-Temperature Lubricity through Frictional Interface Regulation

Ga-based liquid metal: Lubrication and corrosion behaviors at a wide temperature range

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