The Application of Ionic Liquids in Catholic Coupling of Acetophenone

Abstract

Problem statement: The cathodic coupling of acetophnone was carried out in aqueous solutions containing sodium sulfate and 1-Octyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride ([OMIM]Cl) as supporting electrolytes. [OMIM]Cl is an ionic liquid, also serving as a co-solvent to prevent the deposition of products during electrolysis. The products are extracted with ether after electrolyses. Approach: It is shown in this study that the recycling of the aqueous Na 2 SO 4-[OMIM]Cl electrolytes is feasible. Results: The new electrolytic process is more energy saving and environment-friendly than conventional ones. Conclusion: On the other hand, the ratios of dl-to meso pinacols formed in the electrochemical reduction of acetophenone can be more than 9, higher than ever reported for any aqueous system.

Enhanced Electroreduction of Acetophenone Using Lipase Stabilization: Improved Conversion to 1‐Phenylethanol

“…However, due to the competitive coexistence of the dimerization pathway, the one-electron reduction reaction can be followed by the majority formation of 2,3-diphenylbutane-2,3-diol, the corresponding pinacol dimer (Scheme 1). [13,14] Therefore, for the preferential formation of alcohol from the electroreduction of acetophenone to occur, the radical intermediate generated in the first step of the reaction must be stabilized, preventing the process from following the competitive dimerization route. Good results regarding the selectivity of the reaction were obtained from the addition of ammonium salts as supporting electrolytes, in addition to the use of transition metal catalysts.…”

“…However, due to the competitive coexistence of the dimerization pathway, the one‐electron reduction reaction can be followed by the majority formation of 2,3‐diphenylbutane‐2,3‐diol, the corresponding pinacol dimer (Scheme 1). [13,14] …”

Capturing Tacit Knowledge for Assessing Employees' Competency and Productivity

“…Tacit knowledge when captured is important as it formed the knowledge capital of the organization. Knowledge Management (KM) has generated research interest especially in managing tacit knowledge and is greatly influence by Nonaka knowledge creation theory in (Cheng, 2010;Hafidh et al, 2009;Al-Anzi et al, 2005) Thus, the application of KM has emerged as an approach which enable the capture, storing, reuse and retrieval of knowledge (Adeosun et al, 2009), in improving organization's productivity. Many researchers have acknowledged the limitations of current approaches and techniques to managing tacit knowledge (Asprey, 2004;Sor, 2004).…”