The Application of Low Impact Development Facility Chain on Storm Rainfall Control: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

Abstract

In recent decades, low impact development (LID) has become an increasingly important concern as a state-of-the-art stormwater management mode to treat urban flood, preferable to conventional urban drainage systems. However, the effects of the combined use of different LID facilities on urban flooding have not been fully investigated under different rainfall characteristics. In this study, a residential, neighborhood-scale catchment in Shenzhen City, southern China was selected as a case study, where the effects of four LID techniques (bio-retention, bio-swale, rain garden and pervious pavement) with different connection patterns (cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled) on runoff reduction efficiency were analyzed by the storm water management model (SWMM), promoted by the U.S. EPA. Three kinds of designed storm events with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were forced to simulate the flood for holistic assessment of the LID connection patterns. The effects were measured by the runoff coefficient of the whole storm–runoff process and the peak runoff volume. The results obtained indicate that the cascaded connect LID chain can more effectively reduce the runoff than that in the paralleled connect LID chain under different storms. The performances of the LID chains in modeling flood process in SWMM indicate that the runoff coefficient and the peak runoff volume increase with the increase in the rain return periods and the decrease in rain duration. Additionally, the move backward of the peak rain intensity to the end of the storm event slightly affects the peak runoff volume obviously while gives slight influence on the total runoff volume. This study provides an insight into the performance of LID chain designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

Exploring an Integrated System for Urban Stormwater Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Solutions at Building and District Scales

“…Then, they compared three scenarios with different combinations, demonstrating that the implementation of green roofs and rainwater revisors had the most significant results for stormwater management. Zhang et al [77] adopted the SWMM model to test two scenarios in Chinese residential areas: (1) the traditional drainage system without sponge facilities; and (2) the drainage system with sponge facilities, i.e., bio-retention cells, permeable pavements, rainwater garden, and grassed pitches. They demonstrated that the combined system was able to reduce a storm with a five-year recurrence interval while also maintaining water quality.…”

A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Low Impact Development Research Articles

“…Some scholars have examined the influence of external factors such as confluence relationship [48], terrain slope [49], and pre-conditions [50] on the effectiveness of LID measures, and the research results have enriched the scope of LIDbased frameworks. Several investigators have also verified the effectiveness of LID-based measures in the established LID research areas such as Beijing [51], Guangxi [41], and Shenzhen [52]. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable.…”

Combined Optimization of LID Patches and the Gray Drainage System to Control Wet Weather Discharge Pollution

“…The stormwater management model (SWMM) has largely been adopted to determine the spatial layout of LID, − analyze the hydrological regulation effect of LID, − and explore the relationship between LID layouts and runoff paths. ,, The spatial layout of LID affects the control efficiencies of runoff and waterlogging in urban areas . In existing studies, the spatial layout of LID has been optimized in terms of catchments, subcatchments, microcatchments, or grids, and the spatial optimization of LID under precipitation uncertainty has been explored. ,, Site characteristics, such as land cover and land use are the basis of LID spatial optimization.…”