The Application of Metal Sulfides in Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

The high demand for clean and renewable energy has fueled the exploration of advanced energy storage systems. As a potential alternative device for lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted extraordinary attention and are becoming a promising candidate for energy storage due to their low cost and high efficiency. Recent progress has demonstrated that metal sulfides (MSs) are very promising electrode candidates for efficient Na‐storage devices, because of their excellent redox reversibility and relatively high capacity. In this review, recent developments of MSs as anode materials for NIBs are presented. The corresponding electrochemical mechanisms are briefly discussed. We also present critical issues, challenges, and perspectives with the hope of providing a fuller understanding of the associated electrochemical processes. Such an understanding is critical for tailoring and designing metal sulfides with the desired activity and stability.

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

“…[103] Yang's group also fabricated Sb@TiO 2−x //Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -C sodium-ion full-cell batteries, delivering an energy density of 151 W h kg −1 at a power density of 21 W kg −1 (Figure 4c). [110] In addition, other types of anode, such as sulfide (rGO/Sb 2 S 3 as shown in Figure 4d) [28,149] and transition metal oxide (Na 0.66 [Li 0.22 Ti 0.78 ]O 2 , as shown in Figure 4e), were also used as anode in full-cell systems and showed good compatibility with the cathode materials. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Sb 2 S 3 //Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 system could reach an energy density of 80 W h kg −1 based on the Sb 2 S 3 anode.…”

“…These cathode materials include layer-structured transition metal oxides, [4][5][6] polyanionic-type compounds, [7,8] Prussian blue analogues, [9,10] and organic-based materials. [11,12] Meanwhile, significant progress has also been made on anode materials for SIBs, and various materials have been explored as promising candidates, including carbonaceous materials, [13][14][15] metals or alloys, [16][17][18][19][20] phosphorus, [21,22] phosphide, [23,24] oxides, [25,26] sulfides, [27,28] and phosphates. [29,30] During the long period of academic research on SIBs, there have been a number of achievements, especially on the active materials and electrolyte.…”

Mixed Metal Sulfides for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

“…[40,41] Nevertheless, poor capacity retention caused by the large volume change during charge/discharge processes remains a major drawback. The development of ternary M-Sn-S sulfides (M = Cu and Co) is expected to mitigate the volume change during repeated cycling, thereby enhancing the cycling stability.…”

“…[20,40,41] Ternary nickel cobalt sulfides with higher capacity and electrical conductivity are promising to exhibit much better Li/Na storage properties than binary sulfides. However, similar to binary sulfides, ternary nickel cobalt sulfides still suffer from large volumetric change during charge-discharge, leading to rapid capacity fade and inferior cycling performance.…”

“…[20,21,[38][39][40][41] However, the main focus of these articles is centered on monometal sulfides. In this review, we mainly focus on the design and controllable synthesis of MMSs with various compositions and their applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.…”