The Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry Pomace

Abstract

Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) is a fruit with exceptionally high levels of phenolic compounds which are accumulated mainly in the peel; hence, the majority remains in the leftovers after juice production. Extraction with the use of carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions was used to isolate phenolic compounds from the pomace. The effect of the process parameters (temperature; pressure; and the addition of ethanol) on the extraction yields and properties of the extracts was investigated. The anthocyanin and total phenolic compound content, as well as the scavenging activity against five selected radicals, were evaluated. The best results were acquired for 35 • C, 10 MPa, and 80% m/m ethanol addition, the yield of phenolic compounds was 1.52 g per 100 g of pomace. The amount of extracted phenolics and the antioxidative attributes of the extracts were highly correlated. The impact of supercritical carbon dioxide density on the amount of recovered compounds was confirmed. The use of supercritical CO 2 led to a significant reduction in the volume of organic solvent required for extraction.

Influence of Temperature, Solvent and pH on the Selective Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tiger Nuts by-Products: Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS Characterization

“…As it is known, these compounds are polar, so a more polar solvent will extract them better. Other authors such as Woźniak et al [ 26 ], Chew et al [ 27 ] and Paini et al [ 28 ] also used mixtures with ethanol to improve the yield of polyphenols extraction. In the case of flavonoids, no statistically significant differences were found on the extraction yield of dihydroxybenzoic acids and flavones when varying these parameters.…”

The Application of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Phenolic Compounds Isolation from Natural Plant Materials

“…The pressure of 200 bar was required to obtain the satisfactory extraction efficiency. In a comparison with the studies performed by Li et al [ 147 ], Woźniak et al [ 109 ] performed the extraction with carbon dioxide and ethanol (20, 50, 80%, m / m ) as a modifier. The optimal conditions for the Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extraction were 35 °C, 100 bar and 80% ( m / m ) of ethanol.…”

Recent Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plant Materials

“…Studies on the influence of temperature and pressure on the extraction process of bioactive substances gave different results due to the plant materials and targeted compounds [ 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. For example, high pressures were reported to enhance the global extraction yield of phenolic compounds [ 40 , 45 , 47 ], while Akay et al [ 46 ] reported a high total phenolic content under low pressure and no significant difference to the yield when increasing temperature and pressure. Some results showed that an augmentation in the recovery of phenolic compounds could be obtained by reducing the extraction temperature and increasing the addition of co-solvent and pressure [ 45 ].…”