The application of tissue-engineered fish swim bladder vascular graft

Abstract

Small diameter (< 6 mm) prosthetic vascular grafts continue to show very low long-term patency, but bioengineered vascular grafts show promising results in preclinical experiments. To assess a new scaffold source, we tested the use of decellularized fish swim bladder as a vascular patch and tube in rats. Fresh goldfish (Carassius auratus) swim bladder was decellularized, coated with rapamycin and then formed into patches or tubes for implantation in vivo. The rapamycin-coated patches showed decreased neointimal thickness in both the aorta and inferior vena cava patch angioplasty models. Rapamycin-coated decellularized swim bladder tubes implanted into the aorta showed decreased neointimal thickness compared to uncoated tubes, as well as fewer macrophages. These data show that the fish swim bladder can be used as a scaffold source for tissue-engineering vascular patches or vessels.

Delivery of rivaroxaban and chitosan rapamycin microparticle with dual antithrombosis and antiproliferation functions inhibits venous neointimal hyperplasia

“…After vascular interventions, antiplatelet and anticoagulation drugs are used to prevent platelet accumulation and thrombus formation (Liu et al., 2019 , Haybar et al., 2019 ). Neointimal cell, especially smooth muscle cells proliferation also plays an important role in the neointimal hyperplasia, so rapamycin or paclitaxel coated grafts are also widely used to inhibit neointimal cell proliferation (Bai et al., 2021 ). Recent studies showed programmed death-1 antibody or inhibitor coated vascular graft can also inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after patch angioplasty in rat (Sun et al., 2021 , Bai et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Neointimal cell, especially smooth muscle cells proliferation also plays an important role in the neointimal hyperplasia, so rapamycin or paclitaxel coated grafts are also widely used to inhibit neointimal cell proliferation (Bai et al., 2021 ). Recent studies showed programmed death-1 antibody or inhibitor coated vascular graft can also inhibit neointimal hyperplasia after patch angioplasty in rat (Sun et al., 2021 , Bai et al., 2021 ). IL-33 antibody absorbed plant leaf patch can be used to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia in rat (Xie et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Then the chitosan microparticle rapamycin would release from the interspaces of PGA scaffold to inhibit cell proliferation, this chitosan microparticle rapamycin has been widely investigated in basic researches (Chiesa et al., 2018 , Yuan et al., 2008 ), we also used collagen as an adjuvant to secure chitosan microparticle rapamycin in the interspaces of the scaffold (Sareethammanuwat et al., 2020 , Păun et al., 2020 ). Since we have previously showed rapamycin can inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia in several researches, so we did not spend too much efforts on the function of rapamycin (Bai et al., 2017 , Bai et al., 2021 , Bai et al., 2021 ). We used rat IVC patch venoplasty model in this experiment because rivaroxaban is commonly used in the venous system, and the neointima is much thicker in the rat IVC venoplasty model compared to the aortic patch angioplasty model.…”

Wood-Derived Vascular Patches Loaded With Rapamycin Inhibit Neointimal Hyperplasia

“…Tissue sections were deparaffinized and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (Baso, Zhuhai, China), according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Neointimal and adventitial thickness were measured as previously described ( Bai et al, 2021a ). The patency of the patch angioplasty was confirmed by observation of the histology sections.…”

“…Plant-derived scaffolds can be used as a platform to create vascular patches and drug delivery scaffolds. In particular, decellularized leaf scaffolds can be loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based rapamycin nanoparticles to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia in a rat inferior vena cava (IVC) venoplasty model; decellularized onion cellulose patches can also be coated with PLGA-rapamycin nanoparticles to inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia ( Bai et al, 2021a ). Furthermore, it is possible to capitalize on the natural absorption capability of fresh leaves; fresh leaves absorbed with rapamycin and the IL-33 antibody can effectively inhibit venous neointimal hyperplasia ( Xie et al, 2021 ).…”