The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Their Roles in Plant Growth Regulation and Abiotic Stress Responses

Shi, Suhua; Li, Shugui; Asim, Muhammad; Mao, Jingjing; Xu, Dan; Ullah, Zia; Liu, Guanshan; Wang, Qian; Liu, Haobao

doi:10.3390/ijms19071900

Cited by 157 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…In response to exogenous ABA, transcripts of an overwhelming majority of BdCDPK genes were up-regulated within 3 h, suggesting that BdCDPK genes can quickly respond to ABA signal. It seems likely that expression level of BdCDPK genes from subgroup I and II were significantly increased in response to ABA which is in agreement with the changes in AtCPK3/4/6/11/23 in subgroup I and II of Arabidopsis [63,68]. In addition, BdCDPK23/27 kept at a high expression level after ABA treatment, and their homologous AtCPK4/11 was known to positively modulate calcium-mediated ABA signaling [28].…”

Section: Expression Profile Of Bdcdpk Genessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Further, the structure of EF-hands in B. distachyon were D 1 -D 3 -S 5 -E 12 , D 1 -D 3 -S/N 5 -E 12 , D 1 -D 3 -S 5 -E 12 , and D 1 -D 3 -D 5 -E 12 , respectively (Additional file 10). And results showed that EF2 and EF4 exhibited difference with CDPKs in Arabidopsis [63]. Studies have proved that the Cterminal EF-hand structures might be important for recognizing the autoinhibitory-junction domain when the Ca 2+ regulated the activity of CDPKs [60,64,65].…”

Section: Structural Divergence and Tissue-specific Expression Of Bdcdpksmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in grass Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2020

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Background: Ca 2+ played as a ubiquitous secondary messenger involved in plant growth, development, and responses to various environmental stimuli. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) were important Ca 2+ sensors, which could directly translate Ca 2+ signals into downstream phosphorylation signals. Considering the importance of CDPKs as Ca 2+ effectors for regulation of plant stress tolerance and few studies on Brachypodium distachyon were available, it was of interest for us to isolate CDPKs from B. distachyon. Results: A systemic analysis of 30 CDPK family genes in B. distachyon was performed. Results showed that all BdCDPK family members contained conserved catalytic Ser/Thr protein kinase domain, autoinhibitory domain, and EF-hand domain, and a variable N-terminal domain, could be divided into four subgroup (I-IV), based upon sequence homology. Most BdCDPKs had four EF-hands, in which EF2 and EF4 revealed high variability and strong divergence from EF-hand in AtCDPKs. Synteny results indicated that large number of syntenic relationship events existed between rice and B. distachyon, implying their high conservation. Expression profiles indicated that most of BdCDPK genes were involved in phytohormones signal transduction pathways and regulated physiological process in responding to multiple environmental stresses. Moreover, the co-expression network implied that BdCDPKs might be both the activator and the repressor involved in WRKY transcription factors or MAPK cascade genes mediated stress response processes, base on their complex regulatory network. Conclusions: BdCDPKs might play multiple function in WRKY or MAPK mediated abiotic stresses response and phytohormone signaling transduction in B. distachyon. Our genomics analysis of BdCDPKs could provide fundamental information for further investigation the functions of CDPKs in integrating Ca 2+ signalling pathways in response to environments stresses in B. distachyon.

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Section: Expression Profile Of Bdcdpk Genessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Structural Divergence and Tissue-specific Expression Of Bdcdpksmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in grass Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2020

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“…Number of proteins of CBL-interacting kinase, serine threonine kinase and wall-associated receptor kinase and Mitogen-activated kinase family were highly expressed wheat, involved in metal ion binding and its transportation serine/threonine kinase signalling, protein phosphorylation and response to stresses [Jin et al, 2016; Mao et al,2009; Shi et al, 2018 Hou et al, 2005; Kanneganti et al, 2008; Kumar et al, 2018; Wimalasekera et al, 2018]. Glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase family proteins expression indicates higher response to oxidative stress, glutathione peroxidase activity, metal ions binding & transportation activity [Alzahrani et al 2018; Martinez et al, 2018].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the transcriptome complexity of the High- and Low- Zinc & Iron accumulating Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Mishra

Gupta

Chand

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Development of Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and other minerals rich grains along with various stress tolerance and susceptible (STR) wheat genotype, will help to reduce globally spread malnutrition problem. Current study deals with transcriptome profiling of 4 high- and 3 low- Zn & Fe accumulating wheat genotypes (HZFWGs) and (LZFWGs). Functional characterization of expressed and high and low specific genes, accompanied by metabolic pathways analysis reveals, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and other associated pathways are mainly participating in plant stress defense mechanism in both genotypes. Chlorophyll synthesis, Zn & Fe binding, metal ion transport, and ATP-Synthase coupled transport mechanism are highly active in HZFWGs while in LZFWGs ribosomal formation, biomolecules binding activities and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Transcripts accountable for minerals uptake and purine metabolism in HZFWGs are highly enriched. Identified transcripts may be used for marker-assisted selection and breeding to develop minerals rich crops.

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“…Similarly, the subcellular Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinases (CPKs), such as CPK10, CPK30, and CPK32, are necessary for instant nitrate-stimulated cellular and metabolic responses and nitrate-induced root to shoot growth. Under sufficient nitrate conditions, Ca 2+ -sensor CPKs move to the nucleus, whereas CPK10 targets NLP7S205 phosphorylation to hold NLP7 inside the nucleus in a nitrate-dependent manner [68,69]. Furthermore, nitrate regulatory gene 2 (NRG2) also plays a critical regulatory role in plant primary nitrate responses (PPNR) based on their binding affinity for nitrate [70].…”

Section: Short Term Primary Nitrate Response (Pnr) Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

Asim

Ullah

Oluwaseun

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

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Nitrate (NO 3 -) and auxin are key regulators of root growth and development, modulating the signalling cascades in auxin-induced lateral root formation. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly altered by nitrate. A decrease in nitrate (NO 3 -) supply tends to promote auxin translocation from shoots to roots and vice-versa. This nitrate mediated auxin biosynthesis regulating lateral roots growth is induced by the nitrate transporters and its downstream transcription factors. Most nitrate responsive genes (short-term and long-term) are involved in signalling overlap between nitrate and auxin, thereby inducing lateral roots initiation, emergence, and development. Moreover, in the auxin signalling pathway, the varying nitrate supply regulates lateral roots development by modulating the auxin accumulation in the roots. Here, we focus on the roles of nitrate responsive genes in mediating auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis root, and the mechanism involved in the transport of auxin at different nitrate levels. In addition, this review also provides an insight into the significance of nitrate responsive regulatory module and their downstream transcription factors in root system architecture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.grow well when taking N only from NH 4 + [4]. This uptake system of N by the roots is under the synchronized control of nutrients availability and hormonal signalling [2,3]. Nitrate (NO 3 − ) plays a signal regulatory role in many physiological processes including root growth. The nutrient uptake efficiency depends on root system architecture in the soil [9], and these processes are controlled by several gene-transcript levels, which are regulated by NO 3 − [10].NO 3 regulates root branches under various signalling pathways, such as NRT1.1 (dual-affinity NO 3 − responsive gene), which is assumed to participate in the nitrate-sensing system [11,12], and also governed by auxin [13].Signalling communication is a general rule rather than an omission. For instance, it is cited that about 1545 genes were the nutrient-related signals of NO 3 − , NH 4 + , or both nitrogen forms. Also, 982 (64%) genes were controlled by hormonal signals [14]. Several studies reveal that hormone biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly influenced by several mineral nutrients [11].Hormones play a key role in the root-growth adaptation to NO 3 − readiness [13]. Numerous studies have also shown that NO 3 − regulation of root system architecture (RSA) entails an overlap between NO 3 − and auxin signalling pathways [13,15]. IAA is the most researched and best naturally occurring active auxin [12], and it plays a specific role in the control of systemic inhibition of fresh lateral roots (LRs) developments in response to the sufficient supply of nitrate [16]. Both external NO 3 − and IAA supply significantly influence the auxin concentration in the tiller nodes [17]. As part of the root system, lateral root not only depends on the external NO 3 − supply, but also on the amount of inter...

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The Arabidopsis Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Their Roles in Plant Growth Regulation and Abiotic Stress Responses

Cited by 157 publications

References 87 publications

Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in grass Brachypodium distachyon

Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in grass Brachypodium distachyon

Unveiling the transcriptome complexity of the High- and Low- Zinc & Iron accumulating Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

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