The Arabidopsis Hypoxia Inducible AtR8 Long Non-Coding RNA also Contributes to Plant Defense and Root Elongation Coordinating with WRKY Genes under Low Levels of Salicylic Acid

Abstract

AtR8 lncRNA was previously identified in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana as an abundant Pol III-transcribed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of approximately 260 nt. AtR8 lncRNA accumulation is responsive to hypoxic stress and salicylic acid (SA) treatment in roots, but its function has not yet been identified. In this study, microarray analysis of an atr8 mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis indicated a strong association of AtR8 lncRNA with the defense response. AtR8 accumulation exhibited an inverse correlation with an accumulation of two WRKY genes (WRKY53/WRKY70) when plants were exposed to exogenous low SA concentrations (20 µM), infected with Pseudomonas syringae, or in the early stage of development. The highest AtR8 accumulation was observed 5 days after germination, at which time no WRKY53 or WRKY70 mRNA was detectable. The presence of low levels of SA resulted in a significant reduction of root length in atr8 seedlings, whereas wrky53 and wrky70 mutants exhibited the opposite phenotype. Taken together, AtR8 lncRNA participates in Pathogenesis-Related Proteins 1 (PR-1)-independent defense and root elongation, which are related to the SA response. The mutual regulation of AtR8 lncRNA and WRKY53/WRKY70 is mediated by Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1 (NPR1).

Influence of graphene on the multiple metabolic pathways of Zea mays roots based on transcriptome analysis

“…Studies have shown that plant root development can be regulated by ERF [ 38 ], WRKY [ 39 , 40 ], bHLH [ 41 – 43 ], MYB, and MYB-like [ 44 – 47 ], NAC [ 48 , 49 ], AP2 [ 50 , 51 ], and MADS-box [ 52 , 53 ] transcription factor (TF) genes. After exposure of Z .…”

“…Importantly, WRKY TFs often act as activators or repressors to modulate important plant processes [ 61 ]. For example, Li et al [ 39 ] showed that WRKY genes were involved in the root elongation in Arabidopsis , while Wang et al [ 40 ] reported a WRKY TF gene that could affect adventitious root formation in Catalpa Scop . MYB and MYB-like TF families are also important, as they are involved in controlling trichome development and root hair formation [ 44 – 47 ].…”

Transcriptome analysis reveals that multiple metabolic pathways operate in Zea mays roots subjected to graphene

“…Many studies have proved that plant root development could be regulated by ERF [40], WRKY [41,42], bHLH [43][44][45], MYB and MYB-like [46][47][48][49], NAC [50,51], AP2 [52,53] as well as MADS-box [54,55] TF genes. After exposure to graphene treatment of Z. mays roots, there were three up and one down-regulated ethylene-responsive (ERF) transcription factor genes ( Fig.…”

“…WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants and WRKY proteins often act as activators or repressors to modulate important plant processes [63]. Li et al, [41] showed that WRKY genes were involved in the root elongation in Arabidopsis Hypoxia. Wang et al, [42] reported a WRKY transcription factor gene that could affect adventitious root formation in Catalpa Scop.…”

The Overexpression of The VvWRKY2 Transcription Factor in Potato Improved the Agricultural Performance and Tubers’ Physio-Chemical and Industrial Properties Even Under Non‐Stress Conditions

“…Genome-wide analyses of TF encoding genes revealed that they correspond to 20 % of plant genome (Iida et al 2005;Xiong et al 2005). These factors are important regulators of transcription of plant defense genes (Asai et al 2002;Singh et al 2002;Qiu et al 2007; Guo et al 2019;Li, Nayar, et al 2020). The WRKY TF group is the most studied TF family involved in plant stress responses.…”