2011
DOI: 10.1038/ng.807
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The Arabidopsis lyrata genome sequence and the basis of rapid genome size change

Abstract: We present the 207 Mb genome sequence of the outcrosser Arabidopsis lyrata, which diverged from the self-fertilizing species A. thaliana about 10 million years ago. It is generally assumed that the much smaller A. thaliana genome, which is only 125 Mb, constitutes the derived state for the family. Apparent genome reduction in this genus can be partially attributed to the loss of DNA from large-scale rearrangements, but the main cause lies in the hundreds of thousands of small deletions found throughout the gen… Show more

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Cited by 808 publications
(906 citation statements)
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“…At the phenotype level, mutation rates vary from about 0.01 to 0.1 for each new gamete, with estimates of mutational heritability, hnormalm2, ranging from 10 −4 to 10 −3 (Lynch et al., 1999). Comparing the mutational variance with the variance among populations in a species allows us to calibrate the amount of phenotypic variance generated each generation by mutation with an estimate of the total extant phenotypic variance generated over millions of years of evolution in a species ( A. thaliana diverged from the closely related Arabidopsis lyrata ~10 million years ago) (Hu et al., 2011). In this study, nearly all of our estimates of the per‐generation contribution of mutations to heritable genetic variance scaled to environmental variation (hnormalm2) are consistently around 10 −4 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the phenotype level, mutation rates vary from about 0.01 to 0.1 for each new gamete, with estimates of mutational heritability, hnormalm2, ranging from 10 −4 to 10 −3 (Lynch et al., 1999). Comparing the mutational variance with the variance among populations in a species allows us to calibrate the amount of phenotypic variance generated each generation by mutation with an estimate of the total extant phenotypic variance generated over millions of years of evolution in a species ( A. thaliana diverged from the closely related Arabidopsis lyrata ~10 million years ago) (Hu et al., 2011). In this study, nearly all of our estimates of the per‐generation contribution of mutations to heritable genetic variance scaled to environmental variation (hnormalm2) are consistently around 10 −4 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the eight basal chromosomes found in A. arenosa and A. lyrata (Hu et al, 2011) have been reduced to 5 through multiple translocations and inversions. As a result, many expected products of homoeologous recombination include acentric or dicentric chromosomes, producing gametes that lack all copies of certain genomic loci, a situation that is likely to be lethal.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent expansion of the LTR retrotransposons (>90%) in the P. xylostella genome has occurred over the past 2 million years, occurring much later than the expansion of B. mori LTRs (Fig. 5d) and possibly reflecting the timing of extensive adaptive evolutionary events in P. xylostella 33 . The polymorphism within the P. xylostella genome might support adaptation to host plant defenses and insecticides by providing a repertoire of alternative alleles or cis-regulatory elements 29 and genetic variations 34 for gene expression.…”
Section: (Supplementarymentioning
confidence: 99%