The Archaeology of Egyptian Non-Royal Burial Customs in New Kingdom Egypt and Its Empire

Grajetzki, Wolfram

doi:10.1017/9781009064521

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…More than 150 priests of Amun and temple officials were buried in the tomb of Bab el Gasus, also known as the "Second Cache," which was discovered in January 1891. Large numbers of coffins and funerary items were crammed into two chambers and two passageways, fig (3) [27,28]. After the discovery, the mummies were first transferred to the Giza museum and were examined by D. Fouquet.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Study of Magical Wax Figurines Found in the Mummy of Tjanefer From the Third Intermediate Era Using Ct Scanning as a Non-Destructive Tool.

Badr

2023

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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This paper aims to explore the discovery of magical wax figures in the mummy of Tjanefer from the third intermediate era, and the insights obtained through the use of advanced methods such as CT scanning and Gas Chromatographic analysis. Through these methods, researcher has been able to uncover the various techniques used by ancient Egyptian embalmers to mummify bodies, including the use of wax figurines to protect the internal organs of the deceased. Computed Axial Tomography (CT) scan was an essential tool in the non-destructive detection of archaeological findings inside Egyptian mummies, enabling scholars to determine the methods used by embalmers in mummification operations. In this research, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas chromatography GC/MAS, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used in addition to a CT scan to analyze the data related to the function of these figurines and to examine some samples of the materials used in making them. The results of these analyses provided valuable insights into the religious beliefs and funerary practices of ancient Egyptians, particularly with respect to the role of wax figurines in these practices. The examination of the CT scan of Tjanefer's mummy revealed that the mummification process adhered to the traditional Egyptian practice of removing internal organs, embalming them separately, and then returning them to the body cavity. The discovery of four wax statues representing the four sons of Horus within the body cavity suggests that these figurines were believed to have a protective role for the deceased in the afterlife. The analysis of the wax samples revealed that the production of these figurines likely did not require highly skilled craftsmanship. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the wax sample was impure with resins in a neutral mixture, suggesting that the production was of good quality..

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Study of Magical Wax Figurines Found in the Mummy of Tjanefer From the Third Intermediate Era Using Ct Scanning as a Non-Destructive Tool.

Badr

2023

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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“…Pharaohs, their families and people of higher status in the Egyptian society of the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. were buried surrounded by riches and treasures (Grajetzki, 2003). In China, Qin Shi Huangdi, founder of the Qin dynasty and first emperor of unified China in 220 B.C., built a magnificent mausoleum for his eternal rest.…”

Section: Grandeur For the Forever Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing sustainable development and cultural heritage preservation: luxury burial legacies in Singapore

Ocón

2021

JCHMSD

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PurposeThe paper aims to provide up-to-date analysis on how a country like Singapore, with a rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage associated with burial customs, approaches heritage preservation while ensuring modernisation and sustainable growth.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is an exploratory analysis of the association between cultural heritage preservation, particularly the one associated with elaborate burials, and the need for modernisation in Singapore. It mainly uses desk research tools, fieldwork and interviews with death services providers to build a set of conclusions. It employs a historical review approach and uses comparative analyses with other countries in the Asian region to substantiate the arguments.FindingsThe paper provides insights about how, since its independence, Singapore has switched to pragmatic models of growth and development which imply maximising the limited space available, often at the cost of precious cultural heritage. The rapid development has had a significant impact on the country's burial customs and legacies, particularly on elaborate graves and tombs, which traditionally use a considerable amount of space. The analysis concludes that Singapore is in the constant challenge of exploring alternative ways of handling death and its ramifications.Originality/valueThis paper presents a new outlook on the relationship between the preservation of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage associated with death practices and a sustainable approach to modernisation in the context of Singapore.

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The Archaeology of Egyptian Non-Royal Burial Customs in New Kingdom Egypt and Its Empire

Grajetzki

2021

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This Element provides a new evaluation of burial customs in New Kingdom Egypt, from about 1550 to 1077 BC, with an emphasis on burials of the wider population. It also covers the regions then under Egyptian control: the Southern Levant and the area of Nubia as far as the Fourth Cataract. The inclusion of foreign countries provides insights not only into the interaction between the centre of the empire and its conquered regions, but also concerning what is typically Egyptian and to what extent the conquered regions were culturally influenced. It can be shown that burials in Lower Nubia closely follow those in Egypt. In the southern Levant, by contrast, cemeteries of the period often yield numerous Egyptian objects, but burial customs in general do not follow those in Egypt.

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The Archaeology of Egyptian Non-Royal Burial Customs in New Kingdom Egypt and Its Empire

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

An Analytical Study of Magical Wax Figurines Found in the Mummy of Tjanefer From the Third Intermediate Era Using Ct Scanning as a Non-Destructive Tool.

An Analytical Study of Magical Wax Figurines Found in the Mummy of Tjanefer From the Third Intermediate Era Using Ct Scanning as a Non-Destructive Tool.

Balancing sustainable development and cultural heritage preservation: luxury burial legacies in Singapore

The Archaeology of Egyptian Non-Royal Burial Customs in New Kingdom Egypt and Its Empire

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