The ascending arousal system promotes optimal performance through meso-scale network integration in a visuospatial attentional task

Wainstein, Gabriel; Rojas‐Líbano, Daniel; Alnæs, Dag; Kolskår, Knut K.; Endestad, Tor; Laeng, Bruno; Ossandón, Tomás; Crossley, Nicolás; Matar, Elie; Shine, James M.

doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.412551

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Recent animal and human fMRI studies support the role of NE in brain network reorganization (6,60,61,64). Importantly, NE release has been shown to promote topological integration within the network (65,66). This aligns well with our findings showing enhanced ReHo and FC within the Frontal DMN module following CNO-evoked LC-NE activation.…”

Section: While Both Fmri and Fiber-photometry Corroborated The Findings Of Cbv Reduction In Thesupporting

confidence: 90%

Chemogenetic Stimulation of Tonic Locus Coeruleus Activity Strengthens the Default Mode Network

Oyarzabal

Hsu

Das

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The default mode network (DMN) of the brain is involved in cognition, emotion regulation, impulsivity, and balancing between internally and externally focused states. DMN dysregulation has been implicated in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and spectral fiber-photometry to investigate the selective neuromodulatory effect of norepinephrine (NE)-releasing noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) on the DMN in mice. Chemogenetic-induced tonic LC-NE activity decreased cerebral blood volume (CBV) and glucose uptake, and increased synchronous low frequency fMRI activity within the frontal cortices of the DMN. Fiber-photometry results corroborated these findings, showing that LC-NE activation induced NE release, enhanced calcium-weighted neuronal spiking, and reduced CBV in the anterior cingulate cortex. These data suggest that LC-NE alters conventional stimulus-evoked coupling between neuronal activity and CBV in the frontal DMN. We also demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of LC-NE neurons strengthened functional connectivity within the frontal DMN, and this effect was causally mediated by reduced modulatory inputs from retrosplenial and hippocampal regions to the association cortices of the DMN.

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Section: While Both Fmri and Fiber-photometry Corroborated The Findings Of Cbv Reduction In Thesupporting

confidence: 90%

Chemogenetic Stimulation of Tonic Locus Coeruleus Activity Strengthens the Default Mode Network

Oyarzabal

Hsu

Das

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Coupling between the pupil and LC has previously been demonstrated within macaque using combinations of both invasive and non-invasive neurophysiological recording techniques (Aston-Jones & Cohen, 2005;Joshi et al, 2016). Recent efforts have leveraged multimodal human neuroimaging with simultaneous pupil recording to elucidate the functional architecture of the ascending arousal network (Elman et al, 2017;Murphy et al, 2014;Wainstein et al, 2021).…”

Section: Cognitive Pupillometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer on Design and Data Analysis for Cognitive Pupillometry

Reilly¹,

Zuckerman²,

Kelly³

2021

Preprint

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This chapter presents an accessible overview of methodological considerations, open questions, and solutions to common problems encountered conducting a valid and reliable cognitive pupillometry study. Topics include historical evolution of pupillary measurement techniques, parameterization of the human task-evoked (cognitive) pupil response, individual differences, and idiosyncratic anatomical constraints imposed by the human eye.

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From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data

et al. 2023

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The pupil of the eye provides a rich source of information for cognitive scientists, as it can index a variety of bodily states (e.g., arousal, fatigue) and cognitive processes (e.g., attention, decision-making). As pupillometry becomes a more accessible and popular methodology, researchers have proposed a variety of techniques for analyzing pupil data. Here, we focus on time series-based, signal-to-signal approaches that enable one to relate dynamic changes in pupil size over time with dynamic changes in a stimulus time series, continuous behavioral outcome measures, or other participants’ pupil traces. We first introduce pupillometry, its neural underpinnings, and the relation between pupil measurements and other oculomotor behaviors (e.g., blinks, saccades), to stress the importance of understanding what is being measured and what can be inferred from changes in pupillary activity. Next, we discuss possible pre-processing steps, and the contexts in which they may be necessary. Finally, we turn to signal-to-signal analytic techniques, including regression-based approaches, dynamic time-warping, phase clustering, detrended fluctuation analysis, and recurrence quantification analysis. Assumptions of these techniques, and examples of the scientific questions each can address, are outlined, with references to key papers and software packages. Additionally, we provide a detailed code tutorial that steps through the key examples and figures in this paper. Ultimately, we contend that the insights gained from pupillometry are constrained by the analysis techniques used, and that signal-to-signal approaches offer a means to generate novel scientific insights by taking into account understudied spectro-temporal relationships between the pupil signal and other signals of interest.

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The ascending arousal system promotes optimal performance through meso-scale network integration in a visuospatial attentional task

Cited by 3 publications

References 101 publications

Chemogenetic Stimulation of Tonic Locus Coeruleus Activity Strengthens the Default Mode Network

Chemogenetic Stimulation of Tonic Locus Coeruleus Activity Strengthens the Default Mode Network

A Primer on Design and Data Analysis for Cognitive Pupillometry

From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data

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