The Asian source of Arctic haze bands

Rahn, Kenneth A.; Borys, Randolph D.; Shaw, Glenn E.

doi:10.1038/268713a0

Cited by 215 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Subsequently, only the data relative to the four summer months from June to September were considered when calculating the long-term variations of AOD, with the background contribution hereafter referred to as BG, and enhancements attributed to extinction mainly by smoke particles from boreal forest fires (hereafter referred to as FFS) in North America and Siberia (Forster et al, 2001;Damoah et al, 2004;Stohl et al, 2006;Tunved et al, 2006). Following the same approach used by Tomasi et al (2007), this summer-time analysis ignores influences of AH and/or Asian dust (AD) that occur mainly during late winter and spring (Rahn et al, 1977;Shaw, 1982Shaw, , 1983VanCuren and Cahill, 2002;Stone et al, 2007;Quinn et al, 2007). Tomasi et al (2007) showed that the summer BG aerosol cases are distinguishable in terms of AOD from signatures of AH, AD and FFS events: the values of AOD(500 nm) measured for AH, AD and FFS cases in general exceed 0.10 and are appreciably lower under typical background conditions, while exponent a can assume values varying over the range between about 0.5 and 2.0 and are sometimes difficult to use to distinguish aerosol types, although Stone (2002) and Treffeisen et al (2007) suggested spectral signatures of AOD useful for identifying different types of Arctic aerosol.…”

Section: Long-term Variations In Aerosol Optical Depth At Arctic Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year

Tomasi

Lupi

Mazzola

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Long-term Variations In Aerosol Optical Depth At Arctic Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year

Tomasi

Lupi

Mazzola

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Given the seasonal variability in Arctic aerosol inputs and outputs, a period of enhanced accumulation is typically experienced during the Arctic winter and early spring termed "Arctic haze". The haze is primarily composed of sulfate (SO 2− 4 ) and organic particulate matter with varying levels of ammonium (NH + 4 ), nitrate (NO − 3 ), mineral dust, and BC (Mitchell, 1957;Shaw and Wendler, 1972;Rahn et al, 1977;Barrie, 1986;AMAP, 2006;Quinn et al, 2007, and the references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Long-range transport of aerosol from lower latitudes to the high Arctic may be a significant contributor to climate forcing in the Arctic. To identify the sources of key contaminants entering the Canadian High Arctic an intensive campaign of snow sampling was completed at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015. Fresh snow samples collected every few days were analyzed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and this rich data set provided an opportunity for a temporally refined source apportionment of snow composition via positive matrix factorization (PMF) in conjunction with FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) potential emission sensitivity analysis. Seven source factors were identified: sea salt, crustal metals, black carbon, carboxylic acids, nitrate, noncrustal metals, and sulfate. The sea salt and crustal factors showed good agreement with expected composition and primarily northern sources. High loadings of V and Se onto Factor 2, crustal metals, was consistent with expected elemental ratios, implying these metals were not primarily anthropogenic in origin. Factor 3, black carbon, was an acidic factor dominated by black carbon but with some sulfate contribution over the winter-haze season. The lack of K + associated with this factor, a Eurasian source, and limited known forest fire events coincident with this factor's peak suggested a predominantly anthropogenic combustion source. Factor 4, carboxylic acids, was dominated by formate and acetate with a moderate correlation to available sunlight and an oceanic and North American source. A robust identification of this factor was not possible; however, atmospheric photochemical reactions, ocean microlayer reaction, and biomass burning were explored as potential contributors. Factor 5, nitrate, was an acidic factor dominated by NO − 3 , with a likely Eurasian source and mid-winter peak. The isolation of NO − 3 on a separate factor may reflect its complex atmospheric processing, though the associated source region suggests possibly anthropogenic precursors. Factor 6, non-crustal metals, showed heightened loadings of Sb, Pb, and As, and correlation with other metals traditionally associated with industrial activities. Similar to Factor 3 and 5, this factor appeared to be largely Eurasian in origin. Factor 7, sulfate, was dominated by SO 2− 4 and MS with a fall peak and high acidity. Coincident volcanic activity and northern source regions may suggest a processed SO 2 source of this factor.

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“…The winter/spring aerosol enhancement is called Arctic haze, referring back to 20 Mitchell's (1957) early airborne observations. Understanding the sources, characteristics, and effects of Arctic haze has been a continuing effort over the past several decades (e.g., Rahn et al, 1977;Shaw, 1995;Quinn et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2015;and references therein). The low summertime values of absorption and scattering currently observed in the Arctic are likely to be particularly vulnerable to warmer, drier climatic conditions (e.g., due to increases in summertime forest fires and decreases in sea ice leading to enhanced marine emissions and human activities in the 25 region during the summer).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic

Schmeisser¹,

Backman²,

Ogren³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Given the sensitivity of the Arctic climate to short-lived climate forcers, long-term in-situ surface measurements of aerosol parameters are useful in gaining insight into the magnitude and variability of these climate forcings. Systematic variability of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic supports the notion that the sites presented here 40 measure a variety of aerosol populations, which also experience different removal mechanisms. A robust conclusion from the seasonal cycles presented is that the Arctic cannot be treated as one common and uniform environment, but 2 rather is a region with ample spatio-temporal variability in aerosols. This notion is important in considering the design or aerosol monitoring networks in the region, and is important for informing climate models to better represent short-lived aerosol climate forcers in order to yield more accurate climate predictions for the Arctic.

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The Asian source of Arctic haze bands

Cited by 215 publications

References 7 publications

An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year

An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other measurements performed during the International Polar Year

Temporally delineated sources of major chemical species in high Arctic snow

Seasonality of aerosol optical properties in the Arctic

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