The Assay of Cortical Steroids by the Mouse Eosinophil Test

Bibile, S. W.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0090357

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In these investigations the adrenocortical function was measured by indirect methods such as eosinophil and lymphocyte counts. However, the reliability of such indirect indices has been seriously questioned (Soylemezoglu & Wells, 1951;Bibile, 1953;Jenkins, Laidlow, Reddy, Mills & Thorn, 1953;Swingle, Eisler, Ben, Maxwell, Baker & Lebrie, 1954). Also, in the cat, the experimental animal used in the present study, no constant relationship was found between the eosinophil count and the plasma level of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) which is considered a specific index of adreno¬ cortical activity (Kaada, Setekleiv & Skaug, 1959).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Increase of Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids by Cerebral Cortical and Amygdaloid Stimulation in the Cat

Setekleiv¹,

Skaug²,

Kaada³

1961

Journal of Endocrinology

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Behavioural arousal and fear may be induced by electrical stimulation of the cingulate and the temporo-occipital cortex and the amygdala in the cat. The influence of these regions on the plasma level of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) has been studied. To eliminate the possibility that any increase observed was not secondary to arousal or fear caused by environmental factors or the blood sampling, the experiments were carried out under anaesthesia. Increase of the plasma level of the 17-OHCS was produced by stimulation of twenty-five points in the following three regions: (a) the anterior cingulate cortex; (b) the lower portion of the posterior ecto-and suprasylvian gyri of the temporo-occipital cortex, and (c) the amygdala. The increase amounted up to 560% of the control values. The response was obtained during light anaesthesia only. Stimulation of thirty-seven points in other cortical regions and in the internal capsule caused no significant change in the plasma steroid level.

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confidence: 74%

Increase of Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids by Cerebral Cortical and Amygdaloid Stimulation in the Cat

Setekleiv¹,

Skaug²,

Kaada³

1961

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Details of the eosinophil test are to be found in papers by Speirs & Meyer [1949] and by Bibile [1953]. The strain of mice at our disposal required at least 1 µg and, some¬ times, 3/tg cortisone per mouse, to cause a significant fall in eosinophils in a group of ten animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ' cold test ' may be carried out on native plasma, whereas this is not possible when the mouse eosinophil test is used [Bibile, 1953]. Therefore, the comparisons were all made on ethylacetate-ether extracts of plasma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Biological Assays of the Cortisone Equivalent of the Dog's Adrenal Vein Blood

Bibile¹,

Vogt²

1953

J Endocrinol

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The rate of secretion of the adrenal cortex of the anaesthetized dog as measured by the mouse eosinophil test is equivalent to about 11 \ g=m\ g cortisone/g fresh tissue/min.When the cortex of the dog's perfused adrenal is stimulated by ACTH, the increased rate of secretion is registered by the eosinophil test in the same way as by the 'cold test'.When the perfused adrenal was subjected to an increased blood concentration of potassium, only small fluctuations in hormone output were produced. These also were registered by both tests simultaneously.On the assumption that mineralocorticoids are not oxygenated in the C-11 position, these results may be interpreted to mean that, within the experimental errors of the assays, there is no variation in the production of (hypothetical) mineralocorticoids under the conditions of these perfusions.When Speirs & Meyer [1949] published their paper on the use of eosinophil counts in mice for the estimation of adrenocortical hormones, it appeared that their test would be much more sensitive than any known biological assay and permit the estimation of corticoids in arterial blood. This hope, however, has been disappointed, and our work had to be hmited to the estimation, in terms of cortisone, of the cortical hormone in extracts of dog adrenal venous blood under varying conditions. Furthermore, tests were carried out in parallel with a second biological assay, the so-called 'cold test'. The object of parallel assays is to get evidence for or against the identity of a biologically active substance. In this instance, it is known that eosinophils respond exclusively to corticoids with an oxygen atom in the C-l 1 position, whereas the response in the cold test is less specific and can be ehcited by substances without that grouping, for instance, by esters of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) [Vogt, 1951]. For a long time, it has been assumed that the adrenal gland secretes specific 'mineralocorticoids', and though it is no longer considered likely that DOC is a natural mineralocorticoid, the work of Spencer [1950] and of Tait, Simpson & Grundy [1952] and Simpson, Tait & Bush [1952] suggests the secretion of a mineralocorticoid of as yet unknown constitution. Provided this new compound or any other active secretory products of the adrenal cortex were not oxygenated in the C-ll position, they might influence survival time in the ' cold test ', while leaving the eosinophils un¬ affected. The secretion of such compounds might then find expression in discrepancies in parallel biological assays by the two methods. The test for discrepancy was made by comparing the results for each individual sample of plasma in terms of cortisone, further, by altering the rate of secretion and observing whether direction and magni¬ tude of change was reflected in both tests in an identical fashion. In order to alter the secretion rate in a way which might be expected to favour the formation of mineralo-

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“…

Investigations by several authors appeared to show that no appreciable amounts of corticosteroids are present in the cell fraction of adrenal venous blood (Bibile, 1953) or in peripheral human blood ( Bush, 1957). This view has been generally accepted and as a result most of the estimates of the secretory capacity of the adrenal cortex have been carried out by studying the steroid content of the plasma alone.

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confidence: 99%

Corticosteroids in plasma and cells of adrenal venous blood

Holzbauer¹,

Vogt²

1961

The Journal of Physiology

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Investigations by several authors appeared to show that no appreciable amounts of corticosteroids are present in the cell fraction of adrenal venous blood (Bibile, 1953) or in peripheral human blood (Eik-Nes, Nelson & Samuels, 1953;Migeon, Sandberg, Decker, Smith, Paul & Samuels, 1956;Bush, 1957). This view has been generally accepted and as a result most of the estimates of the secretory capacity of the adrenal cortex have been carried out by studying the steroid content of the plasma alone. There are, however, hints in the literature that corticosteroids might become associated with the blood cells (Peterson, Wyngaarden, Guerra, Brodie & Bunim, 1955;Bush, 1957).Studies on the secretion rate of aldosterone are made difficult by the very low concentrations of this steroid in adrenal venous plasma. It seemed, therefore, desirable to examine the possibility that some aldosterone was associated with the cells. A sample of adrenal venous blood was divided into two equal portions. One of these was centrifuged and the plasma and cells were extracted separately. The other portion was extracted as whole blood. The experiment showed that some aldosterone was, in fact, extracted from the cells, so that by using plasma alone a valuable source of aldosterone was wasted. It also showed that the estimate of aldosterone in the whole-blood sample was approximately three times as large as the sum of the estimates of aldosterone in the separated plasma and cell fractions of the same blood. This suggested that the method of extraction used broke down when applied to the closely packed cell fraction. These observations have been followed up and the experiments have been extended to include estimations of corticosterone and cortisol. METHODS Operative procedure8Mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with ether followed by chloralose (70 mg/kg i.v.). The left adrenolumbar vein was exposed by an abdominal mid-line incision and cannulated

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The Assay of Cortical Steroids by the Mouse Eosinophil Test

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Increase of Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids by Cerebral Cortical and Amygdaloid Stimulation in the Cat

Increase of Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids by Cerebral Cortical and Amygdaloid Stimulation in the Cat

Parallel Biological Assays of the Cortisone Equivalent of the Dog's Adrenal Vein Blood

Corticosteroids in plasma and cells of adrenal venous blood

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