The assessment of daily dietary intake reveals the existence of a different pattern of bioaccumulation of chlorinated pollutants between domestic dogs and cats

Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of hypothyroxinemic and euthyroid dogs

“…A recent study showed that environmental pollutants, like PCBs, have higher levels in dog food; thus, dogs have higher dietary intake of them. However, despite this, plasma levels of PCBs were higher in cats relative to dogs, consistent with dogs having better metabolizing capabilities ( Ruiz-Suarez et al, 2015 ). Although PBDE exposure and metabolic studies in dogs are limited, the structural similarity between PCBs and PBDEs suggests high metabolic capacity for the latter as well ( Voorspoels et al, 2006 ).…”

“…Results from the present study show higher PBDE and PCB levels in dogs in California relative to companion dogs in Indiana and Virginia in the USA, Pakistan, Japan, and Italy ( Tables 2 and 3 ). In contrast, the mean (±SE) and median values of ΣM-PCBs (PCB-28, -52, -101, -138, -153, and -180) observed in dogs in Spain (67.1 ± 61.6; 50.10 ng/g lipid; ( Ruiz-Suarez et al, 2015 ) were similar to the levels we observed in dogs in California (72.81 ± 70.66; 50.12 ng/g lipid). It is important to note that concentrations observed in Japan were measured in whole blood rather than serum; therefore, concentrations appear much lower.…”

“…High canine metabolic rate is a potential reason as to why no association was found between the current PBDE and PCB levels and hypothyroxinemia. Studies have suggested that cats tend to accumulate persistent pollutants to a higher extent than dogs because dogs are metabolically better equipped at degrading these pollutants ( Ruiz-Suarez et al, 2015 ; Venier & Hites, 2011 ). A recent study showed that environmental pollutants, like PCBs, have higher levels in dog food; thus, dogs have higher dietary intake of them.…”

“…Because of factors like chronic low-dose exposure, multiple exposure routes, long latency periods, and non-specific health outcomes, conducting the appropriate human assessment to demonstrate causality is challenging ( Backer et al, 2001 ). A number of studies have used pet dogs as sentinels for environmental health to associate contaminants with certain disease states such as household asbestos exposure with mesothelioma, household application of herbicides 2,4-D with malignant lymphoma, and environmental tobacco smoke with lung cancer ( Backer et al, 2001 ), with only a few publications characterizing PBDE and PCB exposure assessments of canines ( Ali et al, 2013 ; EWG, 2008 ; Mizukawa et al, 2016 ; Ruiz-Suarez et al, 2015 ; Storelli et al, 2009 ; Venier & Hites, 2011 ).…”

Trends and Perspectives in Immunosensors for Determination of Currently-Used Pesticides: The Case of Glyphosate, Organophosphates, and Neonicotinoids

“…Pesticides are applied mainly by spraying directly to the plants or to the soil. Therefore, they can also reach other environmental compartments, such as the atmosphere, the surface, and underground waters where they can be absorbed by aquatic and terrestrial biota [10,11] among birds, fish, and mammals [12,13,14,15]. It is very complicated, currently, to reduce the use of pesticides [1] and the implementation of mitigation strategies [4,11,16].…”