The assessment of efficacy of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine based on the viral quantity and inactivation methods

Kim, Hyunil; Kim, Hye Kwon; Jung, Jung Ho; Choi, Yoo Jung; Kim, Jiho; Um, Chang Gyu; Hyun, Su Bin; Shin, Sungho; Lee, Byeong-Chun; Jang, Goo; Kang, Byungjun; Moon, Heejang; Song, Dae Sub

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-323

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…BEI is the most promising of the methods of inactivating PRRSV, which include the following: gamma irradiation, formaldehyde, UV modification, and pH modification. BEI has successfully been used to inactivate PRRSV in previous studies [52,57,58]. In these previous studies, inactivated PRRSV vaccine induced effective immune responses after single intranasal administrations [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

Lee¹,

Kwon²,

Osorio³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Although inactivated and live vaccines are commercially available for the control of PRRS, both types of vaccine have not always proven successful in terms of generating a protective immune response, particularly in the case of inactivated vaccines. In this study, we tested whether an inactivated vaccine could induce a humoral immune response to PRRS during a homologous challenge. Amino acid substitutions were introduced into glycoprotein (GP) 5 of the FL12 strain of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) using site-directed mutagenesis with a pFL12 infectious clone. The substitutions led to double deglycosylation in the putative glycosylation moieties on GP5. The mutant virus was subsequently inactivated with binary ethylenimine. The efficacy of the inactivated mutant virus was compared with that of the inactivated wild-type PRRSV. Only the inactivated mutant PRRSV induced serum neutralizing antibodies at six weeks post-vaccination. The group that was administered the inactivated mutant virus twice exhibited a significantly increased neutralizing antibody titer after a challenge with the virulent homologous strain and exhibited more rapid clearing of viremia compared to other groups, including the groups that were administered either the inactivated mutant or wild-type virus only once and the group that was administered the inactivated wild-type virus twice. Histopathological examination of lung tissue sections revealed that the group that was administered the inactivated mutant virus twice exhibited significantly thinner alveolar septa, whereas the thickness of the alveolar septa of the other groups were markedly increased due to lymphocyte infiltration. These results indicated that the deglycosylation of GP5 enhanced the immunogenicity of the inactivated mutant PRRSV and that twice administrations of the inactivated mutant virus conferred better protection against the homologous challenge. These findings suggest that the inactivated PRRSV that expresses a hypo-glycosylated GP5 is a potential inactivated vaccine candidate and a valuable tool for controlling PRRS for the swine industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

Lee¹,

Kwon²,

Osorio³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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“…However, it is reasonable to assume that its efficacy will be determined by the homology between the vaccine strain and the strain of the prevalent virus in the farm. In contrast to PRRS MLV vaccine, vaccination with PRRS KV vaccine does not elicit detectable antibodies (Kim et al 2011), but barely elicits cell-mediated immune response to the infecting virus as determined by lymphocyte proliferation and IFNg production in recall response (Bassaganya-Riera et al 2004;Piras et al 2005;Kim et al 2011). These findings lead to the potential application of PRRS KV vaccine as a therapeutic vaccine in PRRSV-positive farms.…”

Section: Journal Of Applied Animal Research 301mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, MLV vaccines are of concern, for its immunogenicity, cross-protective efficacy and safety (Labarque et al 2004;Prieto et al 2008;Kimman et al 2009). PRRS KV vaccines, on the other hand, is well known for its safety (Plana-Duran et al 1997;Papatsiros et al 2006Papatsiros et al , 2011, but their capacity to induce a protective immunity against challenge with wild-type virus or heterologous strains has been questioned (Scortti et al 2007;Zuckermann et al 2007;Kim et al 2011). However, field studies reported that the KV vaccines did not induce reproductive failure in vaccinated sows and improved efficiently the reproductive parameters at a farm level (Joisel et al 2001;Papatsiros et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impact of a killed PRRSV vaccine on sow longevity in a PRRSV infected swine herd

Papatsiros

2012

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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In porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected farms, there is an increase in the female culling rate, mainly due to reproductive problems and culling of young females. This has significant economic importance, as the low female culling rate is an important management factor. In the present study, in a farrow-to-finish farm with 1100 sows, all gilts and sows were vaccinated with a PRRS killed virus (PRRS KV) vaccine (PROGRESSIS † /Merial SAS, France) for a period of 18 months. For each gilt and sow, reproductive data were collected starting from 1-year prior until 18 months after the start of vaccination. Culling rate and the causes of culling (reproductive failure, death, old age, locomotor problems and other) were recorded. Blood samples from non-vaccinated animals were collected prior and after the start of vaccination. The purpose of this field study was to evaluate the sow longevity in a PRRSV-infected farm after their long-term vaccination with a PRRSV KV vaccine. The results indicated that the vaccination leads to a significant reduction (P B 0.001) of culling rate due to reproductive failure 1.5 years after the start of vaccination and an increase of old age (P B 0.001) totally 1.5 years after the start of vaccination. Eventually, culling rates due to deaths (P 0 0.066), locomotor problems (P 0 0.264) and other causes (P 0 0.894) did not significantly differ per semester and totally prior and after the start of vaccination. In conclusion, the long-term vaccination of breeding stock with a PRRSV KV vaccine can lead to decrease of culling rate due to reproductive failure and improvement of the sow longevity.

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“…It is now generally accepted that inactivated PRRSV vaccines are ineffective for preventing clinical signs and viremia caused by viral challenge [25, 26]. In contrast, MLVs induce better protective immunity than inactivated vaccines [27, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

et al. 2013

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in pigs of all ages. Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are used on swine farms to control PRRSV. However, their protective efficacy against field strains of PRRSV remains questionable. New vaccines have been developed to improve the efficacy of these traditional vaccines. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the GP5 and M proteins of PRRSV were developed, and the capacity of the VLPs to elicit antigen-specific immunity was evaluated. Serum antibody titers and production of cytokines were measured in BALB/C mice immunized intramuscularly three times with different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 μ) of the VLP vaccine. A commercial vaccine consisting of inactivated PRRSV and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. IgG titers to GP5 were significantly higher in all groups of mice vaccinated with the VLPs than in control mice. Neutralizing antibodies were only detected in mice vaccinated with 2.0 and 4.0 μ of the VLPs. Cytokine levels were determined in cell culture supernatants after in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with the VLPs for 3 days. Mice immunized with 4.0 μ of the VLPs produced a significantly higher amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) than mice immunized with the commercial inactivated PRRSV vaccine and PBS. In contrast, immunization with the commercial vaccine induced higher production of IL-4 and IL-10 in mice than mice vaccinated with VLPs. These data together demonstrate the capacity of VLPs to induce both neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ in immunized mice. The VLP vaccine developed in this study could serve as a platform for the generation of improved VLP vaccines to control PRRSV.

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The assessment of efficacy of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus inactivated vaccine based on the viral quantity and inactivation methods

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

Impact of a killed PRRSV vaccine on sow longevity in a PRRSV infected swine herd

Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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