The Assessment of Growth and Development in Children

Tanner, Jared

doi:10.1136/adc.27.131.10

Cited by 120 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The standard score method can only be applied when values have a normal distribution. This is true for height but is only approximately true for weight [45]. At the ages under consideration, our normal values for cortical thickness, metacarpal diameter and bone age had a practically normal distribution.…”

Section: Presentation Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dedicated to Dr. Guido Fanconi on the occasion of his 80th birthday Catch-up Growth in Malnutrition, Studied in Celiac Disease After Institution of Gluten-free Diet

Barr¹,

Shmerling²,

Prader³

1972

Pediatr Res

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ExtractCeliac disease provides a model for investigation of one form of infantile malnutrition occurring under fully controlled circumstances. Thirteen patients aged 9-15 months were followed for a period of at least 3 years while they were on a strict gluten-free diet.Observed values for height, weight, bone age, metacarpal diameter, and cortical thickness are compared with the normal range based on local standards, and the results are expressed as standard scores. The mean curves of these data are presented in Figures 1 and 2. At the time of diagnosis and the beginning of diet (zero time), all variables were retarded, and standard scores were significantly below normal in height (P < 0.01), weight (P < 0.001), bone age (P < 0.01), metacarpal cortex (P < 0.05), and diameter (P < 0.001). Weight was significantly more depressed than height (P < 0.01), bone age (P < 0.001), metacarpal cortex (P < 0.001), and diameter (P < 0.001). Height was significantly more depressed than bone age (P < 0.05). As the patients recovered, weight caught up faster than the other measurements; weight was not significantly below normal after the patients had been on a gluten-free diet for 6 months and it reached normal values between 6 months and 1 year after initiation of diet. Height and bone age did not reach normal levels until after 2 years of treatment, although the values were no longer significantly depressed after 1 year on the diet. Cortical thickness was no longer significantly depressed after 6 months on the diet; it reached normal values by 6 months to 1 year after initiation of diet, and then showed an overshooting type of catch-up with values remaining significantly elevated at 2 years (P < 0.05) and 3 years (P < 0.05) after the onset of diet. Metacarpal diameter showed a slow steady catch-up growth which remained below normal throughout the follow-up period although the values were no longer significantly below normal 3 years after patients had begun diet.The study provides evidence that children aged 1 year (±3 months) who suffer from malnutrition caused by celiac disease catch up completely in weight, height, bone age, and metacarpal cortical thickness during a dietary treatment period of 3 years. SpeculationPoor physical growth resulting from this type and this degree of malnutrition in the second half of the 1st year of life is completely remediable. Permanent somatic sequelae from a similar severity of late infantile malnutrition in underdeveloped countries, therefore, might not be inevitable, provided that the therapeutic program is optimal and adverse factors do not continue to operate.

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Section: Presentation Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dedicated to Dr. Guido Fanconi on the occasion of his 80th birthday Catch-up Growth in Malnutrition, Studied in Celiac Disease After Institution of Gluten-free Diet

Barr¹,

Shmerling²,

Prader³

1972

Pediatr Res

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“…In a separate sample of 64 children, the correlation coefficients between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) % fat and anthropometric variables were higher than 0.70 and in the same range in adults and children of both genders (Kettaneh et al, 2005). In subjects under 18 years, pubertal stage was recorded according to the Tanner classification (Tanner, 1952).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High plasma leptin predicts an increase in subcutaneous adiposity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that plasma leptin may predict adiposity changes. Design: A population-based cohort study. Setting: Fleurbaix and Laventie, in the north of France. Subjects: In all, 1175 subjects participated, of whom 946 completed measurements at baseline (1999) and follow-up (2001). After excluding 64 subjects obese at baseline, 882 subjects (478 adults, 404 children 8 years and over) were included in the analysis. Interventions: We measured plasma leptin concentrations at baseline and various adiposity parameters at baseline and followup. Partial correlation coefficients (r p ) between baseline plasma leptin and each adiposity indicator at follow-up were calculated with adjustment for baseline age, pubertal stage, adiposity and familial correlations between siblings. Results: Changes in body mass index and percentage body fat were not related to baseline plasma leptin. High baseline plasma leptin predicted an increase (r p (P-value)) in the sum of the four skinfolds (0.18 (o0.0001)), the waist circumference (0.16 (0.0003)) and the waist-to-hip ratio (0.29 (o0.0001)) in adults only, and in the hip circumference in adults (0.20 (o0.0001)) and children (0.22 (o0.0001)). After adjustment for a set of four adiposity variables at baseline (percentage body fat, skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences), baseline plasma leptin predicted only changes in the sum of the four skinfolds in adults (0.15 (0.001)), with similar tendency although not significant in children (0.08 (0.13)). Conclusions: A high leptin relative to baseline fat mass predicts fat mass gain over time, mainly in the subcutaneous location.

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“…Pubertal stage was assessed by direct observation according to the Tanner classification. 22 Ambulatory activity was measured at inclusion only (1999) by an electronic pedometer (Yamax, Digiwalker DW-450, Yamax, Japan) worn at the waist from morning to evening during 7 consecutive days. 23 To 26 and adolescents.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical activity explain paradoxical relationship between baseline physical activity and adiposity changes in adolescent girls: the FLVS II study

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate in adolescents relationships between habitual physical activity (PA) and changes in several indicators of adiposity. DESIGN: Longitudinal population-based study. The Fleurbaix-Laventie Ville Santé II (FLVS II) study in Northern France. SUBJECTS: A total of 222 boys and 214 girls aged 8-18 y, not obese at inclusion. MEASUREMENTS: PA (Modifiable Activity Questionnaire) and adiposity (body mass index (kg/m 2 ), percent body fat by bioimpedance analysis, sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference) were assessed in 1999 and 2001. Adiposity indicators adjusted for age and pubertal stage were compared between groups of baseline PA and between groups of PA changes, separately by sex. RESULTS: At baseline, PA was not associated with adiposity indicators in both sexes. In girls only, being in the group with the highest age-relative level of moderate PA at baseline predicted the highest adiposity gain from baseline to follow-up, for all indicators. After adjustment for baseline values, all adiposity indicators were higher at follow-up in girls who had decreased their relative level of moderate PA during follow-up. In boys, changes in adiposity during follow-up were not significantly different across groups of PA changes. However, the sum of skinfolds at follow-up, adjusted for baseline value, tended to be higher in those who decreased their vigorous PA level and lower in those who increased it. CONCLUSION: In adolescent girls, a decrease in PA rather than inactivity per se may result in increased adiposity over time.

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The Assessment of Growth and Development in Children

Cited by 120 publications

References 39 publications

Dedicated to Dr. Guido Fanconi on the occasion of his 80th birthday Catch-up Growth in Malnutrition, Studied in Celiac Disease After Institution of Gluten-free Diet

Dedicated to Dr. Guido Fanconi on the occasion of his 80th birthday Catch-up Growth in Malnutrition, Studied in Celiac Disease After Institution of Gluten-free Diet

High plasma leptin predicts an increase in subcutaneous adiposity in children and adults

Changes in physical activity explain paradoxical relationship between baseline physical activity and adiposity changes in adolescent girls: the FLVS II study

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