The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. <i>In vitro</i> digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

Davies, William E.; Griffith, G. ap; Ellington, A

doi:10.1017/s0021859600063656

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Thus, there could have been similar shifts in the genetic composition of the white clover populations in the 3 swards of this grazing management study. Genotypic variation, known to occur in the Nand P contents of white clover (Robinson 1942;Davies et al 1966Davies et al , 1967, may contribute to the measured differences among managements in Nand P contents. Thus, the differences in Nand P contents measured should not be attributed to a direct effect of grazing management but, rather, to an overall effect of grazing management, which may include genetic shifts within white clover populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grazing management and season on nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and stolons of white clover in mixed swards

Hay¹,

Nes²,

Robertson³

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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To cite this article: M. J. M. Hay , P. Nes & M. R. Robertson (1985) Effect of grazing management and season on nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and stolons of white clover in mixed swards, New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 13:3, 209-214, DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1985 The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of leaf, surface stolon, and buried stolon of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured in samples taken every 2 months, from pasture under rotational grazing by cattle (RGC) and set stocking by sheep (SSS), for 3 years. The effect of the system of grazing management of sheep on Nand P content of 3 herbage classes of white clover was examined during a I-year period by analysing samples taken monthly from pastures with 3 different management backgrounds; set stocked (SS), rotationally grazed (RS) or set stocked from lambing to drafting, then rotationally grazed for the rest of the year (CS). In the 3-year study, the content of N did not differ between the RGC and SSS treatments but the mean values of 4.59% in leaf, 2.75% in surface stolon, and 2.22% in buried stolon all differed. However, P contents differed between treatments: with RGC treatment, mean P levels decreased (0.43, 0.29, and 0.23% for leaf, surface stolon, and buried stolon respectively) whereas, with SSS treatment, contents in each of the respective herbage classes were higher and differences among the herbage classes were much smaller, the only significant difference occurring with buried stolon (0.51,0.51, and 0.47% for leaf, surface stolon, and buried stolon respectively). The system of sheep grazing management affected both Nand P contents in the same manner, with contents decreasing in the order SS > CS > RS. Again, there was a marked decrease in mean N content of the herbage classes in the order leaf (4.35%), surface stolon (2.97%), and buried stolon (2.11%), whereas the mean P contents of the herbage classes differed Received 21 March 1985. revision 10 May 1985 much less, with buried stolon (0.43%) being lower than leaf and surface stolon (both 0.51%). Seasonal variation in both Nand P content of each of the herbage classes in both studies followed the same trend -higher values during the moist, cooler part of the year (May-September) and lower values during the drier, warmer period (January-March).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of grazing management and season on nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and stolons of white clover in mixed swards

Hay¹,

Nes²,

Robertson³

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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“…White clover maintains high digestibility even with increasing maturity (Harkess, 1963;Davies et al, 1966) owing to continued vegetative renewal from its stolons. Digestibilities of the flowers and flowering stems of white clover in a mixture of cvs Blanca and Pronitro were lower than in other parts (Gibb and Treacher, 1983).…”

Section: Herbage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of four forage legumes sown alone and with each of five companion grasses

Frame¹,

Harkess²

1987

Grass and Forage Science

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Four legumes-white clover cv. Blanca, red clover cvs Violetta (diploid) and Hungaropoly (tetraploid) and lucerne cv. Eurojje-were established as pure-sown swards and with each of five companion grasses: timothy cv. Timo, meadow fescue cv. Bundy, sweet brome cv. Deborah and perennial ryegrass cvs Talbot (diploid) and Barlatra (tetraploid), both ryegrasses being of 'intermediate' heading date. Two 'silage' crops and an 'aftermath grazing' crop were harvested in each of three successive years.In the first harvest year, total herbage DM production of red clover ranged from 15-03 to 17-01 I ha"'. White clover and lucerne swards produced considerably less at 7-12 to 11 -011 ha"'. In the second harvest year, lucerne swards were the highest producing at 1554 to 1714 t ha"', while DM production from red clover and white clover swards ranged from 6-75 to 1187 t ha"'. Lucerne swards maintained Iheir production superiority in the third year at 16-48 to 17-87 t ha'', while production from white clover swards ranged from 6-41 to 10-23 t ha""'. However, red clover swards declined to 3-30 to 5 81 tha"'; this above-average decline was mainly caused by the onset of red clover necrotic mosaic virus which affected all red clover plots uniformly in the second harvest year, and by winter conditions before the third harvest year. Total herbage DOM and CP yields of the swards were influenced in a similar manner to DM production.Correspondence: DrJ. Frame, Agronomy Deparimeni, Wesl of Scotland Agricultura! College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK.Compared with pure-sown legume, the addition of a companion grass to a legume resulted in increased total herbage production but decreased legume content and production. In spite of the differing grass types represented by the companion grasses, they did not difFer greatly in their effects; however, meadow fescue did prove to be the most suitable companion grass for lucerne.The results highlighted some ofthe advantages and disadvantages of legume and legume/grass swards. Noteworthy features were (a) the unsuitability of pure-sown white clover swards, (b) the high production levels achievable from red clover swards in the short term and the need to choose disease-resistant varieties, (c) the high production levels achievable from lucerne swards, at least in selected soil and climatic conditions and (d) the advantage of using compatible companion grasses with legumes.

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“…Laidlaw and McBratney (1980) have found that the time of heading of perennial ryegrass appeared to have an influence on the growth and contribution of red clover in a mixed sward. Davies et al (1966;1968) have demonstrated the high nutritive value of red clover which is a rich source of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of red clover grown alone and with companion grasses over a four‐year period

McBRATNEY¹

1981

Grass and Forage Science

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Six red clover cultivars, three diploid-Essex, Sabtoron and Violetta-and three tetraploidTeroba, Red Head and Hungaropoly-were sown alone and with each of three companion grasses-timothy (S48), tall fescue (SI70) and perennial ryegrass (S24). The productivity and persistency of the red clover cultivars were compared over 4 years. Dry matter (DM) yield, DM digestibility and the crude protein (CP) concentration were assessed and botanical analyses conducted on herbage samples from each treatment at each of three harvests per annum. Annual fertilizer application consisted of 165 kg P and 312 kg K ha-'.Comparing clover cultivars alone Essex was significantly less productive and less persistent than the other five cultivars. Yield and persistency ofthe five other cultivars did not differ markedly within years with the exception that the diploids were significantly less productive than the tetraploids in the fourth year. Over all 4 years mean annual total DM and clover DM yields ofthe five cultivars were between 12-4 and 13-2 t ha"' and between 9-8 (79 7% of total DM yield) and 10-6 (83-5%) t ha"' respectively, and differences were not significant.Up to the end of the third year there was little or no advantage gained by the inclusion of a companion grass, annual total DM yields being between 11 4 and 14-71 ha"' for clover alone and between 100 and 14-7 t ha"' for clover-grass mixtures. In the fourth year there was an overall tendency for the yield of the clover alone to be lower, between 7-6 and 121 t ha "', than that of the clover-grass mixture, between 8-8 and 13-1 t ha"', and this was more pronounced with the diploid than with the tetraploid clover cultivars. Sown with companion grasses, Essex and Hungaropoly were lower in yield and in contribution than the other cultivars over the 4 years. The influence of the companion grass on total dry matter yield showed that the contribution of timothy was low relative to that made by tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass made the most varied contribution from year to year. Tall fescue was the most consistent contributor with all clover cultivars and at the end of 4 years both yield and clover-grass balance had not changed materially.No pronounced differences in DM digestibility were evident between treatments.Crude protein concentration ofthe pure clover was similar to that of the clover-timothy treatments and both would appear to be superior to either the clover-perennial ryegrass or clover-tali fescue mixtures.It is considered that red clover dominant swards are suitable for use under a cutting regime and can provide high yields of DM at a low cost for up to 4 years. Such swards are self-sufficient in N and in addition soil N accumulation can be exploited in the production of succeeding crops.

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The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of grazing management and season on nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and stolons of white clover in mixed swards

Effect of grazing management and season on nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and stolons of white clover in mixed swards

The productivity of four forage legumes sown alone and with each of five companion grasses

Productivity of red clover grown alone and with companion grasses over a four‐year period

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