The Assimilation of Nitrogen from Ammonium Salts and Nitrate by Fungi

Morton, A. G.; MacMillan, Anne

doi:10.1093/jxb/5.2.232

Cited by 96 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The optimum pH and temperature of the fungal strain were 6.0, 25±2 °C observed for growth and secondary metabolite production. Hence at the alkaline range, the growth and pigment production have been reduced indicating that the increase in the pH might result in a decrease of the pigment production and extraction rate [29,30]. Dufosse et al (2005) [10] reported that the pH (5.6-6.2) was in the optimum culture condition to perform the fungal synthesis and generally, fungi prefer acidic pH for good growth and activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With slight modification, the culture medium was composed with different carbon and nitrogen source (2 % w/v), mineral salts (2 % w/v), pH, temperature and inoculum age. Temperature (24,27,30,33,37 and 40 °C), pH (3-9), inoculum age (2-7 d) and the carbon sources (lactose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) were used. Nitrogen sources were studied by using different organic nitrogen sources including peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate.…”

Section: Cultivation In Submerged Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspergillus Terreus Kmbf1501 a Potential Pigment Producer Under Submerged Fermentation

Akilandeswari

Pradeep

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the fungal isolate from soil and to understand the different optimized parameters better to facilitate the pigment production that has high yield and stability.Methods: Aspergillus sp. was isolated from Western Ghats soil by the conventional serial dilution technique and assessed as a potential pigment producer. Different broth medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), czapek-dox broth (CDB), malt extract broth (MEB), rose bengal broth (RBB), sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast malt extract broth (YEMB), pH (3-9), temperature (24, 27, 30, 33, 37 and 40 °C), carbon (lactose,glucose,sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) and nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate), mineral salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2H2Po4), magnesium sulphate (Mg2So4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), copper sulphate (Cu2So4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2Po4) and manganese sulphate (Mn2So4) and inoculum age (2-7 d) of the medium related to high pigment production were analysed.Results: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing showing 99% similarity with other Aspergillus terreus and the accession number (KX113516) was assigned. The optimum culture conditions for pigment production by Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was achieved at pH 5 (0.563±0.012 nm), temperature of 27 °C (0.382±0.001 nm) with glucose (0.501±0.002 nm) as carbon source, peptone (2.147±0.004 nm) as nitrogen source, Mg2SO4 (0.401±0.001 nm) as mineral salt and 4 d (0.324±0.001 nm) of inoculum age in PDB (0.761±0.006 nm). Conclusion:Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 produced maximum pigment when cultured in modified PDB than in common PDB medium. The high concentration of the pigment can be used for various industrial purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivation In Submerged Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus Terreus Kmbf1501 a Potential Pigment Producer Under Submerged Fermentation

Akilandeswari

Pradeep

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…When fungi are grown on ammonium as the sole nitrogen source, acidification of the medium is observed (Morton & Macmillan, 1954), which may be attributable to the secretion of protons by a H + -ATPase (Jernejc & Legiša, 2001). Despite the acidification when ammonium is supplied as the sole nitrogen source, only low levels of DON are produced (Gardiner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low pH regulates the production of deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum

et al. 2009

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Fusarium graminearum, which causes the globally important head blight disease of wheat, is responsible for the production of the harmful mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. The production of DON by F. graminearum occurs at much higher levels during infection than during axenic growth, and it is therefore important to understand how DON production is regulated in the fungus. Recently, we have identified amines as potent inducers of in vitro DON production in F. graminearum. Although amines strongly induced expression of the key DON biosynthesis gene TRI5 and DON production to levels equivalent to those observed during infection, the timing of this induction suggested that other factors are also likely to be important for the regulation of DON biosynthesis. Here we demonstrate that low extracellular pH both promotes and is required for DON production in F. graminearum. A combination of low pH and amines results in significantly enhanced expression of the TRI5 gene and increased DON production during axenic growth. A better understanding of DON production in F. graminearum would have implications in developing future toxin management strategies.

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“…The main carbon source was glucose, but 1 % (w/v) sodium malate, succinate or citrate was added to prevent adverse pH changes (see Morton & MacMillan, 1954). It will be seen that 'organic' nitrogen in the medium rose rapidly from about the 3rd to the 6th or 7th day, precisely during…”

Section: General Features Of Nitrogen Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The culture medium was gently washed out, made up to standard volume to allow for evaporation, and filtered to remove mycelium and spores. Estimations of ammonia and nitrate were carried out on Conway micro-diffusion units by methods previously detailed (Morton & MacMillan, 1954). Total nitrogen was determined by micro-Kjeldahl.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Formation of Extracellular Nitrogen Compounds by Fungi

Morton

Broadbent

1955

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: The production of nitrogen compounds in the culture medium by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and other fungi has been studied. The formation of extracellular nitrogen compounds accompanied the primary assimilation of ammonia, nitrate and organic nitrogen in all experimental conditions so far investigated among the various factors studied. The amount of these extracellular nitrogen compounds was affected markedly only by the supply of certain trace elements. It was lowest when the concentration of trace elements was high, and increased as the concentration of trace elements approached that limiting growth. Most of the extracellular nitrogen appeared to be peptide in nature, yielding some 14 amino acids on hydrolysis. The fungus was unable to assimilate the extracellular nitrogen compounds formed but assimilated the constituent amino acids when these were liberated by acid hydrolysis.When fungi grow on inorganic nitrogen sources organic nitrogen compounds appear in the culture medium at the same time (Morton, 1951). This phenomenon seems to be frequent among micro-organisms; it has been observed in bacteria (Fedorov, 1952;Hotchkiss, 1950; Proom & Woiwod, 1949), in bluegreen algae (Fogg, 1952;Henriksson, 1951 ;Watanabe, 1951) Hartelius (1937) noted in experiments with yeast. This link with primary nitrogen metabolism is the most significant feature of our observations and prompted further investigation. These secondarily formed organic nitrogen compounds which appear in the medium during growth will for the sake of brevity be termed simply ' extracellular nitrogen '. EXPERIMENTALThe fungi used were grown in surface culture in small flasks containing 20 ml. of culture medium of the following basal composition: 50 g. glucose; 1.0 g. KH,PO,; 0-5 g. MgS0,.7H,O; trace elements (200,ug. Fe, 38,ug. Cu, 225,ug. Zn, 24pg. Mn, and 40pg. Mo); water to 11. Different nitrogen sources were added as required. The nitrogen source was always sterilized separately from the other components of the medium in order to avoid any interaction with the carbohydrate present. The pH value of the media was adjusted to 6.5 initially, and the cultures were incubated at 25O.

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The Assimilation of Nitrogen from Ammonium Salts and Nitrate by Fungi

Cited by 96 publications

References 7 publications

Aspergillus Terreus Kmbf1501 a Potential Pigment Producer Under Submerged Fermentation

Aspergillus Terreus Kmbf1501 a Potential Pigment Producer Under Submerged Fermentation

Low pH regulates the production of deoxynivalenol by Fusarium graminearum

The Formation of Extracellular Nitrogen Compounds by Fungi

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