The association between body size, prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen

Fowke, Jay H.; Motley, Saundra; Cookson, Michael S.; Concepcion, Raoul S.; Chang, Sam S.; Wills, Marcia L.; Smith, Joseph A.

doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500924

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…48 Several studies also have reported hyperinsulenemia or the metabolic syndrome associated with higher PSA levels, but this was believed to be mediated through the effects of obesity and insulin on increased prostate volume and benign prostatic hyperplasia. [50][51][52][53] Thus, while the mechanisms linking C-peptide or HbA1c to PSA requires further investigation, the observed inverse relationships in this study are generally consistent with the previously reported inverse relationship between testosterone and insulin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between prostate-specific antigen and leptin, adiponectin, HbA1c or C-peptide among African-American and Caucasian men

Fowke

Matthews

Buchowski

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Prior studies report slightly lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among obese men. To understand this effect, we investigated the association between PSA and blood HbA1c, C-peptide, leptin and adiponectin levels in African-American (AA) (n ¼ 121) and Caucasian (CA) (n ¼ 121) men. Among AA men, PSA levels decreased with increasing C-peptide levels (PSA ¼ 0.99, 0.93, 0.75 and 0.53 ng ml À1 across quartiles of C-peptide, respectively; P trend ¼ 0.005). Among CA men, PSA levels decreased with increasing HbA1c (PSA ¼ 0.84, 0.73, 0.77 and 0.45 ng ml À1 across quartiles of HbA1c, respectively; P trend ¼ 0.005). This may suggest that metabolic disturbances related to metabolic syndrome or diabetes affect the ability to detect early-stage prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Association between prostate-specific antigen and leptin, adiponectin, HbA1c or C-peptide among African-American and Caucasian men

Fowke

Matthews

Buchowski

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…25,26 In the current study, age had a negative association with BMI. This finding is compatible with the National Nutrition Survey of Japan 1956-2005, which reported that the BMI in men increased with age by birth cohort, but decreased with crosssectional age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…biopsy core † 14 (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) 16 (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) 14 (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) 14 (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) 14 …”

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Body mass index influences prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men

et al. 2012

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Abbreviations & AcronymsObjectives: To determine the relationship between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men, and to compared the risk with that of Caucasian men. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 3966 men with prostate-specific antigen levels from 2.5 to 19.9 ng/mL who underwent an initial extended prostate biopsy. Using logistic regression, odds ratios of each body mass index category for risk of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason score Ն4 + 3) were estimated after controlling for age, prostate-specific antigen, %free prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, digital rectal examination findings, family history of prostate cancer and the number of biopsy cores. Patients were divided into six categories according to their body mass index (kg/m 2 ) as follows: <21.0, 21.0-22.9, 23.0-24.9, 25.0-26.9, 27.0-29.9 and Ն30.0. Results: A significant positive association was observed between body mass index and prostate cancer risk at biopsy, with an increased risk observed in men whose body mass index was Ն27.0 compared with the reference group. A significantly increased risk starting at body mass index Ն25.0 was found in high-grade disease. In contrast to our results, there has been no reported increase in the risk of prostate cancer at biopsy in Caucasians within the overweight range (body mass index of 25.0-29.9 based on World Health Organization classification). Conclusions: Japanese men within the overweight body mass index range who have an elevated prostate-specific antigen level also have a significant risk of harboring prostate cancer, especially high-grade disease. Overweight Japanese might be at greater prostate cancer risk at biopsy than overweight Caucasians.

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“…In addition, the mechanism through which DM and prostate cancer are related has not been fully elucidated. Men with DM are known to generally have lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level but larger prostate size than others not having DM (Hammarsten and Hogstedt, 2001;Berger et al, 2005;Werny et al, 2006;Fowke et al, 2007;Turgutalp et al, 2013). Also, it can be suggested that the reported protective effect of DM may be due to the differences in PCa screening among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and HbA1c Levels Associated with High Grade Prostate Cancer

Özbek

Ötünçtemur²,

Dursun³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Pirpose: The aim of this study to analyze the association between history of diabetes mellitus (DM) with risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with DM and 50 patients without DM who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSA levels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and gleason scores were collected data from all patients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ≥7 were considered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. Results: The mean age at the time of biopsy was 63.7 in patients with DM and 61.6 in patients without DM. Diabetic men had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01). Mean PSA level 7.04±2.85 in patients with DM and 8.7±2.86 in patients without DM, respectively. Also, diabetic men had higher RP tumor grade than men without DM (p=0.04). We found that HbA1c levels were higher in patients who have high grade prostate cancer (p<0.05). Conclusions: Diabetic men undergoing RP have lower PSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with DM. Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they might have high grade disease.

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The association between body size, prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

Association between prostate-specific antigen and leptin, adiponectin, HbA1c or C-peptide among African-American and Caucasian men

Association between prostate-specific antigen and leptin, adiponectin, HbA1c or C-peptide among African-American and Caucasian men

Body mass index influences prostate cancer risk at biopsy in Japanese men

Diabetes Mellitus and HbA1c Levels Associated with High Grade Prostate Cancer

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