The association between dietary pattern and coronary artery disease: A case-control study

Abstract

Introduction: Dietary patterns are an important factors in the progress of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A case-control study was carried on 550 participants. Food expenditure was collected using a validated 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple logistic regressions was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CAD. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: the "Quasi-Western Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of sweets and desserts, snacks, legumes, honey or jam, ketchup, mayonnaise, yellow vegetables, potatoes, red meat, refined grains; the "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of sugar, soft drinks, fast foods, high-fat dairy, hydrogenated fats, and the "Quasi-Mediterranean Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, nuts, coffee. In both sexes, the "Quasi-Western Pattern" and the "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" were positively associated with the risk of CAD. For "Quasi-Western Pattern", adjusted-ORs were (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.99-1.83, P = 0.05) and (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.83, P = 0.03)for men and women respectively. The ORs were for "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" (OR: 3.64, 95% CI:2.25-5.89, P < 0.001) and (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.42-6.63, P < 0.001) for men and women respectively.There was a significant inverse relationship among "Quasi-Mediterranean pattern" and CAD in the crude model in women (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89, P = 0.0.004). Conclusion: High adherence to the "Quasi-Western Pattern" and "Sugar-Fast foods Pattern" dietary patterns were associated with a higher risk of CAD. The "Quasi-Mediterranean pattern" reduced the risk of CAD.

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“…This occurs most frequently in those for the Mediterranean Dept and LDL diets. Seven times over a twenty-four-year period, the Nurses' Health Study (NH calculated by calculating a diet called DASH ranking on the basis of eight FFQ food groups for the purpose to track the progression of time (Gholizadeh et al, 2020) [70] . The latest cohort research likely involves 88,517 participants, adjusting for age, cigarette usage, and additional risk factors for coronary artery disease, female nurses aged 34 to 59 discovered that adherence to the DASH diet resulted in a seventeen percent decline in the risk of a stroke and a 22% decrease in the likelihood of nonfatal and fatal CHD, respectively, across expanding the quintiles of the DASH-diet score.…”

Dietary patterns in managing cardiovascular disease: A systematic review

“…This occurs most frequently in those for the Mediterranean Dept and LDL diets. Seven times over a twenty-four-year period, the Nurses' Health Study (NH calculated by calculating a diet called DASH ranking on the basis of eight FFQ food groups for the purpose to track the progression of time (Gholizadeh et al, 2020) [70] . The latest cohort research likely involves 88,517 participants, adjusting for age, cigarette usage, and additional risk factors for coronary artery disease, female nurses aged 34 to 59 discovered that adherence to the DASH diet resulted in a seventeen percent decline in the risk of a stroke and a 22% decrease in the likelihood of nonfatal and fatal CHD, respectively, across expanding the quintiles of the DASH-diet score.…”