The association between drought conditions and increased occupational psychosocial stress among U.S. farmers: An occupational cohort study

Berman, Jeffrey W.; Bell, Jesse E.; Bilotta, Rocky; Gerr, Fredric; Fethke, Nathan B.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149245

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 1, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01. 31.23285059 doi: medRxiv preprint…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, droughts can produce conditions that are favorable to dust storms, which increase the distribution and concentration of particulate matter in the air (13). In addition, drought has been linked to a variety of adverse health outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, and psychosocial stress (29)(30)(31), leading to higher susceptibility to smoke pollutants. This effect modification by drought may be of great importance to public health benefits because both drought and wildfire smoke are projected to increase in many regions in the coming century (32,33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States

Ma¹,

Zang

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Despite the growing evidence on the health effects of wildfire smoke in the western U.S., the nationwide mortality risk and burden attributable to wildfire smoke fine particles (PM2.5) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between wildfire smoke PM2.5 and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and mental disorders, and calculate the corresponding attributable mortality burden in all 3,108 counties in the contiguous U.S., from 2006 to 2016. Monthly county-level mortality counts were collected from National Center for Health Statistics. Wildfire smoke PM2.5 concentration was derived from a 10×10 km2 resolution spatiotemporal model. Controlling for non-smoke PM2.5, air temperature, and unmeasured spatial and temporal confounders, we found that a 1 μg/m3 increase in smoke PM2.5 was significantly associated with an increase of 0.14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11%, 0.17%) in all-cause mortality, 0.13% (95% CI: 0.08%, 0.18%) in cardiovascular mortality, 0.16% (95% CI: 0.07%, 0.25%) in respiratory mortality, and 1.08% (95% CI: 0.93%, 1.23%) in mental disorder mortality. Smoke PM2.5 contributed to approximately 1,141 all-cause deaths/year (95% CI: 893, 1,388) in the contiguous U.S., of which over three-fourths were from cardiovascular, respiratory, and mental causes. We found a higher vulnerability among males than females, people aged 0 to 64 years than those ≥65 years, and racial/ethnic minorities than non-Hispanic White people. Mild droughts were found to enhance the association between smoke PM2.5 and mortality. Our results indicate that wildfire smoke PM2.5 harms both physical and mental health, which suggests the need for more effective wildfire mitigation strategies and public health responses in the U.S.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 1, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01. 31.23285059 doi: medRxiv preprint…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States

Ma¹,

Zang

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In 2021, rural and agricultural populations felt drought effects most acutely. In a review of health effects of drought in high-income countries, associations included water-and vector-borne disease, respiratory disease from airborne dust, and mental health effects 83 . For example, farmers in the United States facing drought felt that job strain increased substantially, driven by psychosocial stress factors 84 .…”

Section: Extreme Cold: "Everything Gets Worse If You Don't Have Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Climate and Health Review – Uncharted Territory: Extreme Weather Events and Morbidity

Sheehan

2022

Int J Health Serv

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Extreme weather events (EWEs) affected health in every world region during 2021, placing the planet in “uncharted territory.” Portraying the human impacts of EWEs is part of a health frame that suggests public knowledge of these risks will spur support for needed policy change. The health frame has gained traction since the Paris COP21 (United Nations Climate Change Conference) and arguably helped to achieve modest progress at the Glasgow COP26. However, reporting rarely covers the full picture of health impacts from EWEs, instead focusing on cost of damages, mortality, and displacement. This review summarizes data for 30 major EWEs of 2021 and, based on the epidemiological literature, discusses morbidity-related exposures for four hazards that marked the year: wildfire smoke; extreme cold and power outages; extreme, precipitation-related flooding; and drought. A very large likely burden of morbidity was found, with particularly widespread exposure to risk of respiratory outcomes (including interactions with COVID-19) and mental illnesses. There is need for a well-disseminated global annual report on EWE morbidity, including affected population estimates and evolving science. In this way, the public health frame may be harnessed to bolster evidence for the broader and promising frame of “urgency and agency” for climate change action.

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“…10 Furthermore, the characteristics related to different jobs such as long sitting times, shift work, or psychological stress level can increase the risk of NCDs. 8,[11][12][13][14] Noncommunicable diseases cause major economic weakness for employees in various occupations and companies. Reduced productivity, increased absenteeism, or increased risk of early retirement due to workforce disability is related to a higher prevalence of NCDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a meta-analysis study, a 30% to 40% increase occurred in the incidence of T2DM in people with low SES as defined by education, income, or occupation 10 . Furthermore, the characteristics related to different jobs such as long sitting times, shift work, or psychological stress level can increase the risk of NCDs 8,11–14 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Occupational Epidemiology in Western Iran

Darbandi,

Rezaeian,

Najafi

et al. 2023

J Occup Environ Med

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Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), biochemical and anthropometric indicators, and lifestyle among 10 occupational groups. Method: The sample included 4818 men aged 35 to 65 years. The occupational group is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations. Result: The highest prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in managerial occupational groups (18.62%) and technicians and associate professionals (14%), respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders were more in skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers, as well as craft-related trades workers, and elementary occupations. The highest body mass index was related to the managers. Conclusions: Noncommunicable diseases were higher in managers, while musculoskeletal disorders belonged to farmers and workers. Finally, lifestyle modification can help reduce NCDs and improve biochemical markers by increasing physical activity.

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The association between drought conditions and increased occupational psychosocial stress among U.S. farmers: An occupational cohort study

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States

Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States

2021 Climate and Health Review – Uncharted Territory: Extreme Weather Events and Morbidity

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Occupational Epidemiology in Western Iran

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