The association between metabolic syndrome and prostate‐specific antigen levels

Abstract

Objectives: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are affected by many factors. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common metabolic disorder related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. The relationship between MS and PSA is currently unknown, however. The aim of this study was to examine whether PSA levels were affected by MS. Methods: We evaluated the association between MS and PSA in a group of 2007 men (aged 30 to 79 years) without prostate cancer who received a general health checkup. Men with abnormal digital rectal examination findings or PSA values higher than 3.0 ng/mL were considered abnormal and excluded from the study. MS was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel guidelines. Eligible men were classified according to the number of each component and the presence or absence of MS. Results: PSA levels, as a whole, were inversely correlated with MS (P = 0.043). An increased number of MS components was significantly associated with linear decreasing trends of PSA levels (P-trend < 0.001). When a multivariate analysis was performed with age and each MS, age (P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (P = 0.001), and an impaired fasting glucose level (P = 0.047) were strongly associated with PSA levels. Conclusions: MS is associated with decreased PSA levels. When determining whether to perform prostate biopsy as part of early prostate cancer detection, MS should be considered as a factor associated with reduced PSA in men presenting with marginal PSA levels.

Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link?

“…A study by Kim et al (2008) in investigating the association of metabolic syndrome and serum PSA level in a group of 2,007 men (aged 30 to 79 years) without prostate cancer, found that the prevalence and sum of metabolic syndrome components were inversely associated with serum PSA levels. Multivariate analysis showed that serum PSA levels were strongly associated with abdominal obesity and impaired fasting glucose levels (Kim et al, 2008).…”

Prostate‐specific antigen lowering effect of metabolic syndrome is influenced by prostate volume

“…2 Another study also proved MS was associated with decreased PSA level. 4 In that study, PSA of men with MS and without MS were 0.75 and 0.80 ng/mL (P = 0.043), and an increased number of MS components was significantly correlated with decreasing PSA levels (Ptrend <0.001).…”

“…Most studies reported that men with MS had lower PSA than men without MS. [1][2][3][4] Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in [2001][2002][2003][2004] showed that the mean PSA of men with MS is slightly lower than of men without MS (0.98 ng/mL vs 0.87 ng/mL), although it was not statistical significant (P = 0.20).…”

“…However, most of the previous studies that examined the relationship of MS and PSA did not adjust prostate volume. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Interestingly, the PSA of men with MS was not higher than that without MS in those studies. mass (serum PSA 9 plasma volume) was used to adjust the plasma volume, and there were no significant differences of PSA mass between men with MS and without MS.…”

The Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with More Aggressive Prostate Cancer

“…A study by Kim et al in investigating the association of metabolic syndrome and serum PSA level in a group of 2,007 men (aged 30 to 79 years) without prostate cancer, found that the prevalence and sum of metabolic syndrome components were inversely associated with serum PSA levels. Multivariate analysis showed that serum PSA levels were strongly associated with abdominal obesity and impaired fasting glucose levels (Kim et al, 2008). Studies have reported that obesity was associated with decreased PSA levels and an enlarged prostate volume may decrease the sensitivity of prostate biopsy, perhaps leading to delay in the detection of prostate cancer (Kristal et al, 2006).…”