The association between parity and metabolic syndrome and its components in normal-weight postmenopausal women in China

Abstract

Background Studies analyzing the association between parity and normal-weight metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women of normal weight remain limited, this study aimed to explore the association between parity and MetS among Chinese normal-weight postmenopausal women. Methods In total, 776 normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for a routine health check-up between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included in the cross-sectional study. All individuals had fully completed information records encompassing standardized electronic medical records, physical examinations, and biochemical measurements. Metabolic health was defined as fewer than 2 parameters of the MetS were present, in combination with normal weight. Continuous variables which were normally distributed were expressed as means and standard deviation. Comparisons among normally distributed continuous variables were made using one-way ANOVA while that among non-normal distribution parameters were made using Kruskal-Wallis. The association between parity and MetS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. All of the analyses were performed with SPSS statistical software (Version 23.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the statistical software package EmpowerStats (http://www.empowerstats.com, X&Y Solutions, Inc., Boston, MA). Results After adjusting for potential confounding factors including hip circumference, parity was failed to show a significantly relationship with MetS in normal-weight women(P=0.054). Women with a higher parity (≥3) had an increased OR of abdominal obesity, while the OR (95% CI) of the parity 3 group was 2.06 (1.13, 3.77) and that of the parity ≥4 group was 3.08(1.42, 6.66) the P for trend was 0.002 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. No significant differences were detected for other metabolic disorders including high levels of triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in different parity groups. Conclusions Higher parity was not associated with a higher risk of MetS in normal weight Chinese postmenopausal women. As for the components of MetS, only waist circumference was associated with multiparity even after controlling for hip circumference.

Environmental contaminants and the disproportionate prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus among Indigenous Cree women in James Bay Quebec, Canada

“…Similarly, data from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study show cross-sectionally a significant increasing trend in type 2 diabetes risk among women who had two, three, and four or more live births 46 . More recently, Shi et al 47 in a cross-sectional analysis of normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women report that parity was not significantly associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome. However, the odds of metabolic risk factor such abdominal obesity was significantly associated with multiparity in normal weight Chinese women 47 .…”

“…More recently, Shi et al 47 in a cross-sectional analysis of normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women report that parity was not significantly associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome. However, the odds of metabolic risk factor such abdominal obesity was significantly associated with multiparity in normal weight Chinese women 47 .…”

Anthropometric Assessment of General and Central Obesity in Urban Moroccan Women

“…Another factor that significantly affected the overall and abdominal obesity (except for WHR) of the study sample seems to be parity, with significantly higher general and abdominal obesity levels in women with kids. Although the influence of parity on obesity is still controversial in the emerging literature [ 27 , 48 ], Bladeau et al [ 49 ] attested to an increase in abdominal adipose tissue with increasing parity. The prevalence of overall and central obesity was significantly lower (except for WHR) in female graduates than in women with lower levels of education, according to previous studies [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Research on risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in postmenopausal women based on the social-ecological model

“…Some studies suggested that parity was remarkably associated with the risk of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and also associated with a decrease of HDL-C and an increase of the ratio of blood glucose/insulin [ 20 , 21 ]. In addition, multiple parturition could increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in women, and thus, it might result in the increased risk of ICVD in postmenopausal women to a certain extent [ 22 , 23 ]. Active or passive smoking, as a bad habit of life, has been found to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and also an important risk factor for adult death in our country [ 24 – 27 ].…”