The association of ambient PM2.5 with school absence and symptoms in schoolchildren: a panel study

Zhang, Yi; Cui, Liangliang; Xu, Dandan; He, Mike Z.; Zhou, Jingwen; Li, Xinwei; Li, Tiantian

doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0004-1

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In children, epistaxis is seldom serious and is usually caused by digital trauma; it is largely self-limiting [ 25 ]. As children regularly attend school and engage in outdoor activities, environmental factors, such as weather and air conditions, have a greater influence on their health than on the health of adults [ 12 ]. Interestingly, regarding the association of meteorological factors with epistaxis between children and adults ( Table 2 and Table 3 ), air temperature was positively associated with epistaxis in children and showed a negative association in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PM refers to the complex mixture of organic and inorganic solid particles and liquid droplets found in the atmosphere [ 11 ]. It is associated with various adverse health conditions, such as respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and those requiring hospitalization and emergency room visits [ 12 , 13 ]. Particle size has been shown to be directly associated with the risk of adverse health outcomes, and PM ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM 10 ) tends to settle in the upper rather than the lower airway [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) Is Associated with Epistaxis in Children and Adults

Kim

Kwak

Min

2021

IJERPH

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The impact of atmospheric concentration of particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) continues to attract research attention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of meteorological factors, including PM10 concentration, on epistaxis presentation in children and adults. We reviewed the data from 1557 days and 2273 cases of epistaxis between January 2015 and December 2019. Eligible patients were stratified by age into the children (age ≤17 years) and adult groups. The main outcome was the incidence and cumulative number of epistaxis presentations in hospital per day and month. Meteorological factors and PM10 concentration data were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Several meteorological factors were associated with epistaxis presentation in hospital; however, these associations differed between children and adults. Only PM10 concentration was consistently associated with daily epistaxis presentation in hospital among both children and adults. Additionally, PM10 concentration was associated with the daily cumulative number of epistaxis presentations in hospital in children and adults. Furthermore, the monthly mean PM10 concentration was significantly associated with the total number of epistaxis presentations in the corresponding month. PM10 concentration should be regarded as an important environmental factor that may affect epistaxis in both children and adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) Is Associated with Epistaxis in Children and Adults

Kim

Kwak

Min

2021

IJERPH

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“…To assess long-term exposure associations with the outcome, we used the mean pollution concentration of each LSOA for the whole study period, 2009–13 (spatial component of the variability), whilst for short-term effects we used the difference between daily concentrations and the long-term mean for each pollutant per LSOA (temporal component of the variability). We applied a mixed effects, zero inflated negative binomial model, including a random intercept per LSOA, using the NBZIMM library in R [ 19 ]. As covariates we used: a) covariates with daily variation (short-term): day of week (6 dummy variables), temperature (as a natural spline with 3 degrees of freedom (3df)) time trend, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

et al. 2021

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Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

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“…School absence can be caused by underlying problems of both medical and social origin. It has been associated with chronic illness, psychiatric problems, bullying, child abuse, poverty, low parental educational levels and school-related problems [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Although research often focuses on secondary education, absence from school in primary education impacts educational achievement negatively and the habit of missing school can start during primary education [7,8,10,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of sickness absence among primary school pupils – reason to be worried?

et al. 2021

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Background Absence from school can lead to lower educational achievement and poor health. Little is known about school absence in primary education. This study’s first aim was to examine the prevalence of school absence in primary schools and differing types of absence, including sickness absence. The second aim was to determine which pupil characteristics and types of absence were associated with extensive sickness absence. Methods The school absence registries for the school year 2015–2016 were analysed retrospectively in eight mainstream primary schools with 2216 pupils, and six schools for special primary education with 1000 pupils in the West-Brabant region of the Netherlands. Descriptive analyses, χ2-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The one-year prevalence of school absence was 85% in mainstream primary schools and 79% in special schools. Sickness absence was the most prevalent type of absence, occurring in 75 and 71% of pupils, respectively The prevalence of extensive sickness absence was 13 and 23%, respectively. In mainstream schools, extensive sickness absence was associated with a young age, low parental educational level, more doctor’s visits and unauthorised absence, and in special schools with more doctor’s visits, other authorised absence, tardiness and unauthorised absence. Conclusions The prevalence of extensive sickness absence was high, and as this was associated with other types of absence, these pupils missed even more days of school. Public health research, policy and practice should address sickness absence among primary school pupils, to prevent adverse effects on children’s development.

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The association of ambient PM2.5 with school absence and symptoms in schoolchildren: a panel study

Abstract: High PM exposure is a risk factor for the health of schoolchildren. Allocation of medical resources for children should take into account the ambient PM concentrations and be proportioned accordingly.

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) Is Associated with Epistaxis in Children and Adults

Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) Is Associated with Epistaxis in Children and Adults

Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

The prevalence of sickness absence among primary school pupils – reason to be worried?

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