The association of apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ashiq, Sana; Ashiq, Kanwal

doi:10.1186/s43042-021-00135-2

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The levels of HDL were decreased significantly in all genotypes, confirming its association with APOE polymorphism. A study carried out by Ashiq et al, 2021 [ 49 ], showed that E4/4 is the reason for cardiac disease in diabetics while allele 2 is cardioprotective, which is different from the present study results. E2/3 and 4/4 were both found to be associated with IHD in addition to stroke in subjects with diabetes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications

Nadeem,

Maqbool,

Qureshi

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern worldwide, including in Pakistan. Cardiovascular problems linked with T2DM have a significant impact on individuals and society. The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Methods: This study was carried out on 260 subjects divided into controls and diabetics. The diabetics were further divided into four subgroups such as D1: diabetics without cardiovascular issues, D2: diabetics with heart disease, D3: diabetics with stroke, and D4: diabetics with both heart disease and stroke. Anthropometric parameters (age, BMI) and risk factors (smoking, diabetes duration, hypertension) were assessed in all groups. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL, creatinine, BSF, and HbA1c were also measured. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism was determined using PCR-RFLP. Results: Hypertension, BMI, and dyslipidemia are defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, and decreased levels of HDL. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia (elevated fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin) in T2DM was linked to vascular complications such as IHD and stroke. Hypertension was prevalent in 79.3% of the population. Stage 2 hypertension was more prevalent in all age groups. It was also noted that common genotypes in the Pakistani population are 3/3, 4/4, 2/3, and 3/4. The frequency of genotypes 3/4 and 2/3 is highest in diabetics with stroke. Genotype 3/3 is present frequently in diabetics with IHD/stroke and patients with both these complications. However, genotype 4/4 is most frequently found in diabetics with IHD. Conclusions: It is concluded that BMI, hypertension, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia are linked with cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes by affecting the lipid profile.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications

Nadeem,

Maqbool,

Qureshi

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…The finding of the Ɛ4 allele as a risk of CAD is in agreement with the meta-analysis conducted previously. 16,[34][35][36][37] Ɛ4 allele increases the cholesterol level by enhancing the transfer of cholesterol ester from HDL to TG-rich lipoproteins which promotes the hepatic remnant clearance by APOE receptors and decreases LDLR. 38 Furthermore, the meta-analysis by Xu et al 35 reported that Ɛ4 allele had a 46% higher risk of CAD (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.28-1.66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPA Gene Copy Number Variation and APOE Gene Polymorphism in Young Acute Myocardial Infarction

Mohd Zamri,

Abdullah,

A. Talib

et al. 2024

imjm

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INTRODUCTION: An early onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and a strong family history suggest the possibility of its genetic predisposition. Lipoprotein(a) (LPA) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes are known to be involved in lipid metabolism which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis leading to AMI. This study aims to assess the association between LPA gene copy number variation (CNV) and APOE gene polymorphism in young AMI patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 DNAs were extracted from the buffy coat. APOE genotyping and detection of LPA gene CNV were performed using multiplex PCR technique and digital PCR. After tabulation of the results of the current study, meta-analyses were performed from selected studies among Asian populations using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 3 software program. RESULTS: No significant association was found between CNV of the LPA gene and the polymorphism of the APOE gene with Young AMI patients in the current study. However, our meta-analysis confirmed that the E4 allele increased the risk for CAD with the E3/E4 genotype [p=0.000, OR= 1.60 (95% CI: 1.41-1.83) significantly increased risk of CAD and individuals with E3/E3 genotype [p=0.000, OR=0.73 (95% CI: 0.66-0.81) were protective against CAD. The gain of LPA CNV was higher in YAMI [n=5 (25%)] than in control [n=2 (10%)] but they are not significant. CONCLUSION: There is no association between the LPA gene CNV and the presence of APOE polymorphism in young AMI, but our meta-analysis confirmed that the E4 allele increased the risk for CAD.

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“…This could cause delayed LDL clearance and increased serum LDL level [ 67 ], increasing the chances for LDL deposition in the coronary intima, thus making the apo-E2 a likely risk factor for CHD. A recent meta-analysis of candidate gene studies seemed to support this theory since rs7412*T was associated with a 1.38-times-higher CHD risk (95% CI: 1.18–1.62) [ 68 ]. In contrast, our meta-analysis of GWAS publications yielded the opposite result, wherein the rs7412*T conferred a protective effect against CHD (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91–0.96) ( Table S2 ).…”

Section: Discussion and Narrative Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies

et al. 2022

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 163 loci related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Most GWAS have emphasized pathways related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reached genome-wide significance in their reports, while identification of CHD pathways based on the combination of all published GWAS involving various ethnicities has yet to be performed. We conducted a systematic search for articles with comprehensive GWAS data in the GWAS Catalog and PubMed, followed by a meta-analysis of the top recurring SNPs from ≥2 different articles using random or fixed-effect models according to Cochran Q and I2 statistics, and pathway enrichment analysis. Meta-analyses showed significance for 265 of 309 recurring SNPs. Enrichment analysis returned 107 significant pathways, including lipoprotein and lipid metabolisms (rs7412, rs6511720, rs11591147, rs1412444, rs11172113, rs11057830, rs4299376), atherogenesis (rs7500448, rs6504218, rs3918226, rs7623687), shared cardiovascular pathways (rs72689147, rs1800449, rs7568458), diabetes-related pathways (rs200787930, rs12146487, rs6129767), hepatitis C virus infection/hepatocellular carcinoma (rs73045269/rs8108632, rs56062135, rs188378669, rs4845625, rs11838776), and miR-29b-3p pathways (rs116843064, rs11617955, rs146092501, rs11838776, rs73045269/rs8108632). In this meta-analysis, the identification of various genetic factors and their associated pathways associated with CHD denotes the complexity of the disease. This provides an opportunity for the future development of novel CHD genetic risk scores relevant to personalized and precision medicine.

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The association of apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications

LPA Gene Copy Number Variation and APOE Gene Polymorphism in Young Acute Myocardial Infarction

Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies

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