The Association of Hepatitis C Serological Status with Several Risk Factors in Indonesia

Abstract

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver commonly caused by viral infection such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E but it is also possible by other causes. Infection with hepatitis C virus is also referred to as a disguise because the early infection is often asymptomatic that often goes undetected. This study aims at determining the several associated risk factors with hepatitis C serological status. The study design is cross-sectional. The biomedical data collection was carried out in 33 provinces in Indonesia with a population in urban blocks, census in Indonesia, where the sample is all household members over the age of one year from selected households by signing the informed consent. Total block census in selected urban area is about 971-block census with a total sample of 15.536 households. The results showed that there is a correlation between hepatitis C serological status and demographic group and that the age and occupation groups showed significant P value obtained at 0.001 (OR = 3.27, CI = 1.84–5.81) and 0.209 (OR = 0.23, CI = 0.59–0.94). In conclusion, there are risk factors such as age and occupation that have a correlation of being infected with hepatitis C serological status.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Analysis of Hepatitis B & C Infections in the Low Socioeconomic Communities; A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan

“…Such practices are the reason for the association of exposure to therapeutic injections and hepatitis. We report dental checkup as a strong predictor of HCV infection (OR = 11.59, 95% CI 3.35-40.098) which is aligning with the reporting of Pracoyo et al (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 0.98-5.2)[34]. This could be resulted due to the use of unsterilized dental equipment.…”

Hepatitis C Seroconversion Remains High among Patients with Regular Hemodialysis: Study of Associated Risk Factors

“…A strict screening test before transfusion has accounted for a lower risk of pathogen transmission through blood unit (<1 case per 1 million blood unit) in high-income countries [ 2 ]. A previous study in Indonesia evaluated the association between blood transfusion and hepatitis C seropositivity in a large population derived from the Indonesian Basic Health Research and found that this association was not significant statistically [ 30 ]. In addition, the widespread use of erythropoietin to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease contributes to fewer transfusion practice and, consequently, decreased risk of HCV transmission [ 18 ].…”

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Healthy Malaysian Adults: A Preliminary Report

“…Despite its low prevalence, HCV seropositivity remains a healthcare concern as no vaccine is yet available; and without active screening surveillance the infected are usually diagnosed at a later stage with cirrhosis or liver cancer. In Indonesia, to our knowledge, only one study on HCV seroprevalence was perform in healthy subjects, where 2.2% were found to be HCV positive 6 ; while HBsAg prevalence was found to be 1.1% in young adults of Singapore 7 .…”