The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

Athanasiou, Evita; Gargalionis, Antonios N.; Boufidou, Fotini; Tsakris, Athanassios

doi:10.3390/ijms22052250

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Notably, the presence of CMV in medulloblastoma is still a matter of debate since some reports have shown the presence of this virus in tumor samples ( 27 , 28 ) while others have refuted these findings ( 29 , 30 ). Despite these contradictory reports, accumulating evidence has suggested that, by activating immune-inflammatory and angiogenic signaling pathways, CMV has an onco-modulatory role in medulloblastoma and may be exploited as a potential therapeutic tool ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unforeseen cytomegalovirus retinopathy following high dose thiotepa and proton irradiation in a pediatric patient with high-risk medulloblastoma: A case report

Bigagli

Agostiniani²,

Pugi³

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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In immunocompetent individuals, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually mild but may cause severe complications such as retinitis, pneumonitis, and encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. So far, cases of CMV retinitis in patients with medulloblastoma undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have not been reported. We herein report the case of a pediatric patient with high-risk medulloblastoma who experienced an unexpected CMV retinopathy and leukoencephalopathy following high dose thiotepa and proton irradiation. The patient underwent a four-course induction therapy (1st cycle: methotrexate and vinorelbine; 2nd cycle: etoposide and hematopoietic stem cells apheresis; 3rd cycle: cyclophosphamide and vinorelbine; 4th cycle: carboplatin and vinorelbine) and then a consolidation phase consisting in high dose thiotepa followed by autologous HSC transplant and proton cranio-spinal irradiation plus boost to the primary tumor site and pituitary site with concomitant vinorelbine. After two months of maintenance treatment with lomustine and vinorelbine, the patient showed complete blindness and leukoencephalopathy. A diagnosis of CMV retinopathy was made and oral valganciclovir was administered. CMV retinopathy was judged to be possibly related to the use of high dose thiotepa worsened by radiotherapy. This case report suggests that in pediatric patients undergoing immunosuppressive chemo-radiotherapy, CMV reactivation should be carefully monitored to prevent serious complications such as retinopathy and visual loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unforeseen cytomegalovirus retinopathy following high dose thiotepa and proton irradiation in a pediatric patient with high-risk medulloblastoma: A case report

Bigagli

Agostiniani²,

Pugi³

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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“…EBV-encoded viral proteins (e.g., EBNA1, LMP1) and non-coding RNAs (miR-BARTs, miR-BHRFs, etc.) can promote tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and anti-apoptosis ( Price et al, 2018 ; E et al, 2020 ; Athanasiou et al, 2021 ; Gandhi et al, 2021 ; Tang and He, 2021 ).…”

Section: Ebv and Brain Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr Virus and Neurological Diseases

Zhang

Zuo

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a double-stranded DNA virus that is ubiquitous in 90–95% of the population as a gamma herpesvirus. It exists in two main states, latent infection and lytic replication, each encoding viral proteins with different functions. Human B-lymphocytes and epithelial cells are EBV-susceptible host cells. EBV latently infects B cells and nasopharyngeal epithelial cells throughout life in most immunologically active individuals. EBV-infected cells, free viruses, their gene products, and abnormally elevated EBV titers are observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. Studies have shown that EBV can infect neurons directly or indirectly via infected B-lymphocytes, induce neuroinflammation and demyelination, promote the proliferation, degeneration, and necrosis of glial cells, promote proliferative disorders of B- and T-lymphocytes, and contribute to the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, acute cerebellar ataxia, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain tumors. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this paper, we review the mechanisms underlying the role of EBV in the development of central nervous system diseases, which could bebeneficial in providing new research ideas and potential clinical therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.

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“…Influenza virus: [ 176 , 177 , 178 , 206 , 207 ]. Human herpes viruses: [ 179 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 ].…”

Section: Tableunclassified

The Influence of Virus Infection on Microglia and Accelerated Brain Aging

Filgueira

Larionov

Lannes

2021

Cells

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Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system contributing substantially to health and disease. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory microglia may induce or accelerate brain aging, by interfering with physiological repair and remodeling processes. Many viral infections affect the brain and interfere with microglia functions, including human immune deficiency virus, flaviviruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and human herpes viruses. Especially chronic viral infections causing low-grade neuroinflammation may contribute to brain aging. This review elucidates the potential role of various neurotropic viruses in microglia-driven neurocognitive deficiencies and possibly accelerated brain aging.

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The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

Unforeseen cytomegalovirus retinopathy following high dose thiotepa and proton irradiation in a pediatric patient with high-risk medulloblastoma: A case report

Unforeseen cytomegalovirus retinopathy following high dose thiotepa and proton irradiation in a pediatric patient with high-risk medulloblastoma: A case report

Epstein-Barr Virus and Neurological Diseases

The Influence of Virus Infection on Microglia and Accelerated Brain Aging

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