The association of nephrolithiasis with metabolic syndrome and its components: a cross-sectional analysis

Abstract

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a worldwide disorder and also the major risk factor of several systemic diseases. Evidence identifying the association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis is lacking, especially in Taiwan.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome and its components.Design and settingThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Health Examination Department of a medical center in Changhua, Taiwan, from January 2010 to December 2010.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of patients who had visited the Health Examination Center of Changhua Christian Hospital in 2010. A total of 3,886 individuals were enrolled. According to the exclusion criteria, those with an age <20 years and an abnormal renal function were excluded. A total of 3,793 subjects were included. All P-values are two tailed, and P<0.05 was defined as statistically significant.ResultsThe results showed a correlation between nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome and its components. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of metabolic syndrome for nephrolithiasis was 1.318 (1.083–1.604), with a P-value of 0.006. Larger waist circumference (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.338; 95% CI 1.098–1.631; P=0.004), higher blood pressure (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.333; 95% CI 1.106–1.607; P=0.003), and increased fasting glucose (multivariable-adjusted OR 1.276; 95% CI 1.054–1.546; P=0.01) were associated with nephrolithiasis.ConclusionThis is the first study in Taiwan to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis. The mechanism is controversial, and several hypotheses are offered. Adequate lifestyle modification and proper treatment in metabolic syndrome management may both contribute to nephrolithiasis prevention.

Association between blood lipid profile and urolithiasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

“…The 11 selected studies contained 282 479 participants (ranging from 694 to 116 536) . They were published between 2008 and 2017.…”

“…The regional distribution of the studies included were as follows: nine from Asia, one from Europe and one from the USA. Eight studies reported the association between TG and urolithiasis, whereas nine studies reported the relationship between HDL and urolithiasis . Three studies showed the association of any dyslipidemia traits (not separately reported TG, HDL, TC, LDL) with urolithiasis .…”

“…For the association between low HDL and estimated risk of urolithiasis, a significant change was observed in overall pooled ORs, which ranged from 1.06 (0.97–1.16) to 1.21 (1.02–1.44) after excluding the studies of Rendina et al ., Kang et al ., Lee et al ., Masterson et al ., Jung et al . and Liu et al . one by one.…”

“…The 11 selected studies contained 282 479 participants (ranging from 694 to 116 536). [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] They were published between 2008 and 2017. Of these, seven were cross-sectional studies, two were retrospective cohort studies, one was a prospective cohort study and one was a case-control study.…”

“…Eight studies reported the association between TG and urolithiasis, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] whereas nine studies reported the relationship between HDL and urolithiasis. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Three studies showed the association of any dyslipidemia traits (not separately reported TG, HDL, TC, LDL) with urolithiasis. [29][30][31] The detailed characteristics of included studies are presented in Table 1.…”