The Association of Retinopathy and Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: A Validation of Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria in a Chinese Population

Zhang, Rui; Li, Yufeng; Zhang, Simin; Cai, Xiaoling; Zhou, Xianghai

doi:10.1155/2016/4034129

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The association between fasting blood glucose and DR is well established. Previous study reported increased prevalence of DR with fasting blood glucose greater than 7.03 mmol/L and for a HbA 1c more than 6.4% (46 mmol/mol) 20 . This further confirms the association between higher fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and DR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Relationship between triglyceride glucose index, retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes

Srinivasan

Singh²,

Kulothungan³

et al. 2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Aims To explore the relationship between TyG index, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy. Methods This was a cross‐sectional observational study that examined 1413 subjects with type 2 diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed). Subjects underwent a detailed standard evaluation to detect diabetic retinopathy (fundus photography) and nephropathy (defined as urinary albumin excretion ≥ 30 mg/24 h). The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2) and stratified into 4 quartiles (TyG‐Q). The baseline characteristics of the study population in the four TyG‐Q (Q1 (≤7.3) n = 349, Q2 (>7.3 to ≤ 7.5) n = 358, Q3 (>7.5 to ≤ 8.0) n = 354, and Q4 (>8.0) n = 352) were analysed. Variables associated with the presence of DR and nephropathy were assessed using a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis. Results The presence of DR was associated with higher TyG index (OR = 1.453, P =.001) and longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.085, P < .001). The presence of nephropathy was associated with a higher TyG index (OR = 1.703, P < .001), greater age (OR = 1.031, P < .001), use of insulin (OR = 1.842, P = .033), higher systolic BP (OR = 1.015, P < .001), and the presence of DR (OR = 3.052, P < .001). Higher TyG‐Q correlated with the severity of DR (P = .024), presence of nephropathy (P = .001), age (P < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = .006). Conclusions A higher TyG index is associated with the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy in individuals with diabetes and could be used for monitoring metabolic status in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Relationship between triglyceride glucose index, retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes

Srinivasan

Singh²,

Kulothungan³

et al. 2020

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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“…Our study also indicates that higher PBG and HbA1c may contribute to the risk of DR. One study reported that by categorizing PBG and HbA1c by deciles, with the prevalence of DR calculated in each decile, the prevalence of DR increased sharply in the 10th decile, when HbA1c exceeded 6.4%. The threshold of HbA1c for detecting DR is nearly consistent with the criteria for diagnosing diabetes from the World Health Organization [27], meaning that once T2DM is diagnosed, there is already DR complication or a high probability. Another showed that every 1% increase in HbA1c increased the risk of DR by 1.53 times, and every 1 mmol/L increase in PBG increased the risk of DR by 1.07 times [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Nomogram-Based Prediction of the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Retrospective Study

Shi

Yuhong

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Objectives. This study is aimed at developing a risk nomogram of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A questionnaire survey, biochemical indicator examination, and physical examination were performed on 4170 T2DM patients, and the collected data were used to evaluate the DR risk in T2DM patients. By operating R software, firstly, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to optimize variable selection by running cyclic coordinate descent with 10 times K cross-validation. Secondly, multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predicting model introducing the predictors selected from the LASSO regression analysis. The nomogram was developed based on the selected variables visually. Thirdly, calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis were used to validate the model, and further assessment was running by external validation. Results. Seven predictors were selected by LASSO from 19 variables, including age, course of disease, postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), uric creatinine (UCR), urinary microalbumin (UMA), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). The model built by these 7 predictors displayed medium prediction ability with the area under the ROC curve of 0.700 in the training set and 0.715 in the validation set. The decision curve analysis curve showed that the nomogram could be applied clinically if the risk threshold is between 21% and 57% and 21%-51% in external validation. Conclusion. Introducing age, course of disease, PBG, HbA1c, UCR, UMA, and SBP, the risk nomogram is useful for prediction of DR risk in T2DM individuals.

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“…11 Present study showed that the prevalence of retinopathy significantly increased in patients with HbA1c of 7.6% Rui Zhang et al, found that the prevalence of retinopathy increases significantly in the tenth deciles of FPG and HbA1c, with optimal cut off of 7.03mmol/L and 6.4% respectively in Chinese population. 12 All microangiopathies were found in patients with poor glycemic control or high HbA1c levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of clinical profile and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care centre

et al. 2019

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Background: Diabetes is the most common non-communicable disease known today. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A prospective study was carried out between April 2017 to April 2018 in patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Patients with type 2 diabetes of age 25-80 years, minimum of 5 years duration were enrolled.Results: Out of 66 patients, 23(34.8%) were males whereas 43 (65.2%) were females. Mean age in this study population was 55.36 years with a standard deviation of 11.362. In present study, the mean fasting blood sugar level was 196.12±77.180, mean postprandial blood sugar level was 303.26±115.385 and the mean HbA1C levels was 10.95±2.369. 77.3% were on oral hypoglycaemic agents, 13.6% on insulin and 9.1% on combined therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. The complications associated with diabetes found in present study were microvascular complications which include peripheral neuropathy 41(62.1%), retinopathy 31(46.96%), nephropathy 28 (42.42%). Peripheral neuropathy was found to be most commonly associated. Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease in 12.12% (n=8) and cerebrovascular disease in 4.54% (n=3). Autonomic neuropathy was found in 69.69% (n=46).Conclusions: The complications of DM are commonly seen in patients with poor glycaemic control. Among microvascular complications, peripheral neuropathy was most commonly seen. Autonomic neuropathy usually goes unnoticed and asymptomatic in most of the individuals. Increasing levels of HbA1c was found to be significantly correlated with neuropathy.

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The Association of Retinopathy and Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: A Validation of Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria in a Chinese Population

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship between triglyceride glucose index, retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes

Relationship between triglyceride glucose index, retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes

Nomogram-Based Prediction of the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Retrospective Study

A study of clinical profile and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care centre

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