The Association of Tongue Scalloping With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Sleep Pathology

Weiss, Todd M; Atanasov, Strahil; Calhoun, Karen H.

doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2005.07.018

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One study found it predictive of sleep pathology in high-risk patients. 38 The proposed link is that tongue scalloping is caused by either glossopalatal disproportion alone or in combination with macroglossia. 37 The current authors' position supports a revision of this listing, with an upgrading of the importance of tongue scalloping in patients with oral dysaesthesias.…”

Section: Tongue Morphology and Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

Burning mouth syndrome and psychological disorders

Abetz

Savage

2009

Australian Dental Journal

107

113

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an oral dysaesthesia that causes chronic orofacial pain in the absence of a detectable organic cause. The aetiology of BMS is complex and multifactorial, and has been associated in the literature with menopause, trigger events and even genetic polymorphisms. Other studies have found evidence for mechanisms such as central and peripheral nervous system changes, with clinical and laboratory investigations supporting a neuropathologic cause. These physiological explanations notwithstanding, there is still much evidence that BMS aetiology has at least some psychological elements. Somatoform pain disorder has been suggested as a mechanism and factors such as personality, stress, anxiety, depression and other psychological, psychosocial and even psychiatric disorders play a demonstrable role in BMS aetiology and symptomatology. In order to treat BMS patients, both physiological and psychological factors must be managed, but patient acceptance of possible components of psychological disease basis is a major hurdle. Clinical signs of patient stress, anxiety or depression are a useful reinforcement of clinical discussions. The current paper proposes a number of clinical signs that may be useful for both clinical assessment and subsequent patient discussions by providing visible supportive evidence of the diagnosis.

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Section: Tongue Morphology and Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

Burning mouth syndrome and psychological disorders

Abetz

Savage

2009

Australian Dental Journal

107

113

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“…Several epidemiological studies have reported the proportion of individuals with scalloped tongue ranges from 44·3% to 56·3% and individuals with scalloped tongues were younger than those without . In this study, the proportion of mild or more of scalloped tongue individuals was 56·1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…However, only one clinical study highlighted the association of scalloped tongue with OSA using a small number of patients with obesity, and also examined the association without adjusting for potential confounding factors; that is, age, sex, BMI, and smoking and drinking habits . No epidemiological study has been conducted in general populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalloped tongue is associated with nocturnal intermittent hypoxia among community‐dwelling Japanese: the Toon Health Study

Tomooka

Tanigawa

Sakurai

et al. 2017

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Scalloped tongue is considered as a possible clinical finding of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). There are few evidence of the association between scalloped tongue and OSA. To examine the association between scalloped tongue and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia (NIH), a surrogate marker of OSA, among a general Japanese population. Study participants were 398 men and 732 women aged 30-79 years who participated in the Toon Health Study from 2011 to 2014. Scalloped tongue was classified into three categories: none, mild and moderate-to-severe. Moderate-to-severe NIH was defined as the 3% oxygen desaturation index of ≥15 events/h during sleep for one night with pulse oximetry. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for moderate-to-severe NIH were calculated according to scalloped tongue categories using a logistic regression model. There were 69 (6·1%) moderate-to-severe NIH cases in this population. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of moderate-to-severe NIH were 1·59 (0·85-2·95) for mild and 2·39 (1·10-5·17) for the moderate-to-severe scalloped tongue group compared with the group without scalloped tongues. When stratified by overweight status (BMI <25 or ≥25 kg m ), the respective ORs (95% CIs) were 2·83 (1·06-7·55) and 4·74 (1·28-17·49) among overweight individuals, and 0·94 (0·40-2·70) and 1·52 (0·57-4·05) among non-overweight individuals. Scalloped tongue was associated with higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe NIH among the general Japanese population and this association was more evident in overweight individuals.

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“…Obstructive sleep apnea being an exception in which tongue scalloping is present without evident macroglossia. 9 Presence of teeth is an essential element of causing the crenation of the tongue. When a person is completely edentulous, then the tongue is less likely to possess fissures or crenulated appearance which is why, in such cases, enlargement of the tongue should be thoroughly associated for detection of underlying disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%