The associations among RARRES2 rs17173608 gene polymorphism, serum chemerin, and non-traditional lipid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background The adipokine chemerin retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) has been associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The impact of RARRES2 rs17173608 gene polymorphism on MetS and chemerin levels is not completely elucidated. This study included 100 patients with MetS and 68 healthy subjects (non-MetS group). The RARRES2 rs17173608 gene variant was analyzed by tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). Circulating chemerin levels were determined by ELISA. Serum urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and traditional lipid profile were measured by colorimetric methods. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and non-traditional lipid parameters were calculated. Results Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in MetS than in non-MetS subjects, type II diabetics (T2DM) than non-diabetics, and overweight compared to lean subjects, but it did not differ significantly between patients with and without hypertension. Strikingly, newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher serum chermerin levels. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum chemerin levels and non-traditional lipid parameters were correlated significantly with the clinical criteria of MetS. Genotyping and allelic frequency distribution of RARRES2 rs17173608 gene polymorphism showed its significant association with MetS. The TT genotype of RARRES2 rs17173608 SNP was more distributed in T2DM in comparison with non-diabetics, and it was associated significantly with higher serum chemerin and higher glycated hemoglobin levels. RARRES2 rs17173608 GG genotype and G allele frequency were less distributed in T2DM patients than in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions The RARRES2 rs17173608 SNP might have an impact on chemerin levels and lipid parameters. The GG genotype and G allele may have a protective role towards the risk of T2DM but not for MetS. Serum chemerin and non-traditional lipid profile are significantly associated with MetS.

Adiponectin rs1501299 and chemerin rs17173608 gene polymorphism in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: relation with macroangiopathy and peripheral artery disease

“…Chemerin expression and secretion are reported to increase significantly with adipogenesis. A previous study showed a significant relation between LDL and GG chemerin genotype among adults with metabolic syndrome [ 39 ].…”

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs17173608 in the Chemerin Encoding Gene: Is It a Predictor of Insulin Resistance and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes?

“…We only included patients that had stable CAD with more than 50% stenosis. We excluded obese patients as obesity may influence the outcome of the study, as rs17173608 had been associated with obesity in previous studies [ 4 , 15 ]. Thus, the sample size is smaller.…”

“…Chemerin induces angiogenesis of endothelial cells and results in endothelial dysfunction [ 3 ]. Besides which, it can activate inflammatory response and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, results in insulin resistance and further enhance endothelial dysfunction [ 4 ]. Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance cause the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD).…”

“…The CAD is classified as severe when the atherosclerotic plaques narrow down the vessels with stenosis by more than 50% [ 5 ]. In a study by Dahpy et al, serum chemerin levels were higher in patients with T2D and metabolic syndromes than nondiabetics and patients without metabolic syndromes [ 4 ]. There is growing evidence showing a relationship between coronary atherosclerosis and chemerin.…”

“…In a previous study conducted by Mehanna et al, the minor G allele of rs17173608 SNP showed its significant association with metabolic syndromes in Egyptian women [ 16 ]. In another study, the TT genotype of rs17173608 was more widely distributed in T2D patients than non-diabetics [ 4 ]. In this study, we evaluated the association rs17173608 with insulin resistance and the severity of CAD in Malaysian T2D patients for the first time.…”